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Slave: For instance, members would be immediately removed if found A person to have indulged in any corruption. who is forced to There were republics in other parts of the world too. In the 5th work for and 4th centuries BCE, Rome and Greece had republics. In some and obey regions of Greece, free men could vote, but women, workers and another and is slaves could not. Other areas had a system where only a small, considered to be their privileged group could vote or make decisions. property. Other Forms of Government In the previous sections we saw that democracy is the most popular form of government in today’s world, and that there are Subjugate: different forms of democracy as well. Let us now look at other To take forms of governments, and understand their basic structures. control of people or 1. Monarchy a place by using force As we saw in chapters of ‘Tapestry of the Past’, mahājanapadas and make wereheadedbykings,whowereguidedbythesabhāorsamitiand the people obey. were expected to take decisions and advice of these institutions seriously. As empires were built and expanded across India, kings began to gain immense power. Yet, they relied on a council of ministers and a network of officials to help them govern the empire. 1 In many cases, the king also sought the r P advice of learnt scholars on matters 7 d related to dharma. Of course, there were G also examples of kings who used their | n power to subjugate their people. y B In some parts of the world, kings had all d a the power; they made the laws, enforced d I them, and also decided the punishments. y In some cases, they claimed to have i o received divine power from God. g r However, in many parts of India, the l x Fig. 9.7. Adoration of the pillar power of the raja was neither absolute E of Sanchi Stūpa nor beyond question. The king was 198 Reprint 2026-27