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A step further AfewfestivalsinIndia,likeMakarSankranti,Pongal,Bihu,Vaisakhi, Poila Baisakh, and Puthandu, follow a solar sidereal calendar. These festivals happen on almost the same date every year in the Gregorian calendar which is based on the tropical year. A long time ago, these festivals were tied to either a solstice or an equinox. Due to the small difference in the sidereal and tropical years, the dates of these festivals slowly shift away from the solstices/equinoxes. This shift is due to slow wobble of the Earth’s axis, similar to the movement of the axis of a wobbling top. This causes the dates of festivals based on the sidereal calendar to move ahead in tropical calendar. For example, Makar Sankranti moves ahead by one day every 71 years. Ever heard of ... The dates of many Indian festivals are based on the exact lunar phase at sunrise. As sunrise occurs earlier in Eastern India and later in Western India, these dates can also shift by a day between these regions even in the same year. To maintain uniformity throughout the country, the Positional Astronomy Center of the Government of India annually publishes the Rashtriya panchang, a detailed calculation of the positions of celestial objects, such as the Moon and the Sun for a central location in India. Based on these calculations, it provides an advance intimation on dates of festivals to Government of India for holiday declaration. Ever heard of ... The Moon and moonlight have inspired ragas in Indian classical music. Chandrakauns, Chandranandan, and Shubhapantuvarali (which also means “auspicious moon”) are a few ragas that display the moon’s imagery in their names and melodic expressions. Similarly, mudras (hand gestures), for example, Chandrakala, and Ardhachandran relating to the Moon can be found in Indian classical dance Bharatanatyam. The same is true for other dance forms — Kathak, Odissi, and Kuchipudi. Even the traditional painting styles: Madhubani, Warli, and other formsofart,suchassculpture and pottery among Saura, Gond and other tribes invoke depictions of the Moon and theSunprominentlyimplying Warli painting Dhokra Brass their significance in daily life. sculpture 184 Curiosity — Textbook of Science for Grade 8 Reprint 2026-27