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These sub-groups represent the 3.1 Coal consumers. As population is You may have seen coal or heard about growing, second and third it (Fig. 3.1). It is as hard as stone and is generations have larger number of black in colour. consumers. Put one full container for each group on a table. Ask consumers of the first generation from each group to consume eatables from the container of their group. Now, ask the second generation consumers from each group to do the same. Ask students to observe carefully the Fig. 3.1: Coal availability of eatables in each container. If some thing is left in the Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food. Earlier, it was used in railway containers, ask third generation engines to produce steam to run the from each group to consume it. Now, engine. It is also used in thermal power finally observe whether all the consumers of the third generation plants to produce electricity. Coal is also got the eatables or not. Also observe used as a fuel in various industries. if anything is still left in any of theStory of Coal containers. Where do we get Assume that the eatables in the coal from and how container represent the total is it formed? availability of an exhausible natural resource like coal, petroleum or natural gas. Each group may have a About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying different consumption pattern. Are wetland areas. Due to natural processes, the earlier generations of any group like flooding, these forests got buried too greedy? It may be that the earlier under the soil. As more soil deposited generations in some groups were over them, they were compressed. The concerned about the coming temperature also rose as they sank generation(s) and left something for deeper and deeper. Under high pressure them. and high temperature, dead plants got In this chapter we will learn about slowly converted to coal. As coal some exhaustible natural resources contains mainly carbon, the slow like coal, petroleum and natural gas. process of conversion of dead vegetation These were formed from the dead into coal is called carbonisation.nce remains of living organisms (fossils). it was formed from the remains of So, these are all known as fossil vegetation, coal is also called a fossil fuel. fuels. A coal mine is shown in Fig. 3.2. C OAL APETROLEUM 33 2024-25