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Tissues in Action 29 in animals, muscle tissue enables movement and nervous tissue carries messages to different parts of the body. In plants, conducting tissues, such as xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports food. 3.1 Why are Plant and Animal Tissues Different? In Chapter 2, Cell: The Building Block of Life, you compared plant and animal cells, and studied the major differences between them. Meet a Scientist Most plants are fixed in one place and do not move from place to B. G. L. place like animals. They need support to stay firm and upright. Swamy was Plant cells have a cell wall that provides rigidity and strength. In a renowned general, animals can move (although some, such as sponges, are Indian immobile). Without a rigid cell wall, animal cells can change shape botanist known easily. This cellular flexibility eventually helps make their bodies for his suitable for locomotion. contributions to the area Another major difference between plants and animals is their of plant morphology and anatomy. His book, mode of nutrition. Animals have tissues that help them digest Hasuru Honnu, is a food obtained from different food sources, while plants have tissues that help them utilise solar energy for synthesising the popular book in food components through photosynthesis. Plants and animals Kannada language. It is have distinct tissues for transporting food and water to different a blend of science, satire and culture. The book parts of the body. The growth patterns in plants and animals also describes the botanical vary because the tissues responsible for growth differ in structure excursion in the forests and function. In this chapter, we will learn how the structures of of Western Ghats and plant and animal tissues relate to their specific functions. is a treasure of plant descriptions, utilisation, conservation practices, 3.2 Tissues for Growth in Plants botanical folklores and You must have observed that a small seedling grows into a tall tree, roots grow deep into the soil, stems become thicker with myths. The book won the time and grass grows again after being eaten by grazing animals. Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978. Which tissues are responsible for these changes? Plants grow in different ways — y increase in length (height of stem and depth of roots), y increase in girth (thickness of stem), and regrowth after cutting the branches or grazing by animals. y This growth require actively dividing cells that together form a tissue called a meristematic tissue. Let us explore different kinds of meristematic tissues. 3.2.1. Apical meristem — How do plants grow in length? Let us study the growth of roots in an onion bulb. (a) Jar A (b) Jar B Activity 3.1: Let us design experiments Fig. 3.1: Experimental 1. Take two glass jars or couplin jars and fill them with water. set-up to observe the growth of roots 2. Now, take two onion bulbs and place one in each jar, as shown in Fig. 3.1. 3. Observe the growth of roots in both bulbs for a few days. 4. Measure the length of roots on days 1, 2 and 3. 5. On day 3, cut the root tips of the onion bulb in Jar B by about 1 cm. After this, observe the growth of roots in both the jars, measure their lengths