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Period is your pride 11.5.7 Pregnancy and childbirth Menstruation is a Pregnancy in humans lasts about nine months and is divided into sign of a healthy three stages called trimesters. In the first trimester, the fertilised reproductive system, egg develops into an embryo during the first two months and major not something to be ashamed of. Using organs start forming during this time. From about the ninth week, clean menstrual the developing embryo is called a foetus, which continues to grow products, changing and develop. In the second trimester, the foetus grows bigger and them as often as stronger, and the mother can usually feel its movements. In the third required, and disposing them trimester, the baby grows rapidly and gets ready for the life outside the womb (Figure 11.22). The uterus protects and nourishes the responsibly helps baby throughout this time. During childbirth, strong contractions in staying healthy of the muscles of the uterus help push the foetus out through the and keeping your surroundings clean. birth canal. In some cases, if a normal vaginal birth is not possible or safe for the mother or the foetus, doctors may use medical or surgical procedures to help deliver the baby safely. 1st Trimester 2nd Trimester 3rd Trimester Fig. 11.22: Stages of pregnancy After birth, a baby needs special care. Breastfeeding is essential because a mother’s milk provides complete nutrition and protects the infant from many diseases. Newborns must be kept warm, vaccinated on time and handled gently. The mother’s well-being is equally important. She requires nutritious food and adequate rest, and it is recommended for her to avoid harmful habits, such as smoking, consuming alcohol, or taking any medicines without medical advice. The health of the mother and the baby are closely connected, and require proper care and support. Pause and Ponder 6. Ravi suddenly notices that he is growing taller rapidly, his shoulders are broadening, and his voice cracks. What stage of life is he entering? 7. Rina’s period occurs every 28 days. Her last period was on the 5th of March. On which day is she most likely to get her next period? 8. A human zygote has just formed. How many chromosomes does it have? 11.5.8 Mother’s health during pregnancy A woman’s health during pregnancy plays a vital role in the baby’s growth and safety. She should eat a balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, attend regular medical check-ups, and follow her doctor’s advice regarding light exercise and rest. Her emotional well-being is also important, and support from family members helps her remain healthy and stress-free. 222 Exploration|Grade 9