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In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great Collect information about floods occurred in scrutiny and opposition for a variety of different parts of the country due to heavy rainfall in recent times. reasons. Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flowandexcessivesedimentationatthebottom These floods have not only devastated life of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream and property but also caused extensive soil beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic erosion.Sedimentationalsomeantthattheflood plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, life. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especiallyfurther adding on to the problem of land for spawning. The reservoirs that are created degradation.Itwasalsoobservedthatthemulti- on the floodplains also submerge the existing purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water-borne diseases and pests and pollution vegetation and soil leading to its resulting from excessive use of water. decomposition over a period of time. Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like Sardar Sarovar Dam has been built over the Narmada River in Gujarat. This is one salinisation of the soil. of the largest water resource projects of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana hasbeenstartedwhichensuresaccesstosome India covering four states—Maharashtra, meanstoprotectiveirrigationforallagricultural Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. farms in the country, thus bringing much TheSardarSarovarprojectwouldmeetthe requirementofwaterindrought-proneand desired rural prosperity. Some of the broad objectives of this programme are to enhance desert areas. Sardar Sarovar Project will the physical access of water on the farm and provide irrigation facilities to 18.45 lakh expand cultivable area under assured hectare of land, covering 3112 villages in irrigation (har khet ko pani), improve on-farm 15 districts of Gujarat. It will also irrigate 2,46,000 hectare of land in the strategic water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and desert districts of Barmer and Jalore in extent, irrigation and other water saving Rajasthan and 37,500 hectare in the tribal technologies (per drop more crop) and hilly tract of Maharashtra through lift. About 75 per cent of the command area in introduce sustainable water conservation Gujarat is drought prone while entire practices, etc. command in Rajasthan is drought prone. Assured water supply will soon make this area drought proof. Do you know that the Krishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objections raised by Source: Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd. Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh https://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ governments? It is regarding the diversion ofmorewateratKoynabytheMaharashtra governmentforamultipurposeproject.This Ironically, the dams that were constructed would reduce downstream flow in their to control floods have triggered floods due to states with adverse consequences for sedimentation in the reservoir. Moreover, the agriculture and industry. big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall. Make a list of inter-state water disputes. W ATERRESOURCES 23 Reprint 2026-27