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Industrial Pollution and Environmental Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful Degradation chemicals,industrialeffluents,packaging,salts and garbage renders the soil useless. Rain Although industries contribute significantly to water percolates to the soil carrying the India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise pollutants to the ground and the ground water and resulting degradation of environment that also gets contaminated. they have caused, cannot be overlooked. Noise pollution not only results in irritation Industries are responsible for four types of and anger, it can also cause hearing pollution: (a) Air (b) Water (c) Land (d) Noise. impairment, increased heart rate and blood The polluting industries also include thermal pressure among other physiological effects. power plants. Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of Air pollutioniscausedbythepresenceofhigh stress. Industrial and construction activities, proportion of undesirable gases, such as machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills also sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Air- borne particulate materials contain both solid make a lot of noise. and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke. Smoke is emitted by chemical and Control of Environmental Degradation Every litre of waste water discharged by our paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in industry pollutes eight times the quantity of big and small factories that ignore pollution freshwater. How can the industrial pollution of freshwaterbereduced?Somesuggestions are- norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects. Are you aware of the (iminimising use water for processing by Bhopal Gas tragedy that occurred? Air reusing and recycling it in two or more pollution adversely affects human health, successive stages animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere (iiharvesting of rainwater to meet water as a whole. requirements (iiitreating hot water and effluents before Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents releasing them in rivers and ponds. dischargedintorivers.Themainculpritsinthis Treatment of industrial effluents can be regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and done in three phases dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and (a)Primarytreatmentbymechanicalmeans. electroplating industries that let out dyes, This involves screening, grinding, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like flocculationandsedimentation. lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and (b)Secondarytreatmentbybiologicalprocess rubber, etc. into the water bodies. Fly ash, (c)Tertiary treatment by biological, phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are chemical and physical processes. This the major solid wastes in India. involves recycling of wastewater. Overdrawing of ground water reserves by Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot industry where there is a threat to ground water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling. water resources also needs to be regulated What would be the effect on aquatic life? legally. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and weapon production facilities cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages. Soil scrubbers and inertial separators. Smoke and water pollution are closely related. can be reduced by using oil or gas instead 66 CONTEMPORARYINDIA– II Reprint 2026-27