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these benefits? They get paid leave, low-paid and often not regular. There payment during holidays, provident is no provision for overtime, paid fund, gratuity etc. They are supposed leave, holidays, leave due to sickness togetmedicalbenefitsand,underthe etc.Employmentisnotsecure.People laws, the factory manager has to can be asked to leave without any ensure facilities like drinking water reason.Whenthereislesswork,such and a safe working environment. as during some seasons, some people When they retire, these workers get may be asked to leave. A lot also pensions as well. depends on the whims of the In contrast, Kamal works in the employer. This sector includes a large unorganisedsector.Theunorganised number of people who are employed sector is characterised by small and on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair scattered units which are largely outsidethecontrolofthegovernment. work. Similarly, farmers work on There are rules and regulations but their own and hire labourers as and these are not followed. Jobs here are when they require. LET’S WORK THESE OUT 1. Look at the following examples. Which of these are unorganised sector activities? (i)A teacher taking classes in a school (ii)A headload worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market (iiiA farmer irrigating her field (iv)A doctor in a hospital treating a patient (v) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor (vi)A factory worker going to work in a big factory (vii)A handloom weaver working in her house 2. Talk to someone who has a regular job in the organised sector and another who works in the unorganised sector. Compare and contrast their working conditions in all aspects. 3. How would you distinguish between organised and unorganised sectors? Explain in your own words. 4. The table below shows the estimated number of workers in India in the organised and unorganised sectors in the late 1990s. Read the table carefully. Fill in the missing data and answer the questions that follow. TABLE 2.3 WORKERS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS (IN MILLIONS) Sector Organised Unorganised Total Primary 1 232 Secondary 41 74 115 Tertiary 40 88 128 Total 82 Total in Percentage 100% · What is the percentage of people in the unorganised sector in agriculture? · Do you agree that agriculture is an unorganised sector activity? Why? · If we look at the country as a whole, we find that ———% of the workers in India are in the unorganised sector. Organised sector employment is available to only about ———% of the workers in India. S ECTORS OF THE INDIAN E CONOMY 31 Reprint 2026-27