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supports. A government is expected Thatiswhy,theyfeelclosetoparties to base its policies on the line takeneven when they do not fully trust by the ruling party . them. Parties have to be responsive 3 Parties play a decisive role to people’s needs and demands. Otherwise people can reject those in making laws for a country. parties in the next elections. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. But since Necessity most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of This list of functions in a sense answers the question asked above: the party leadership, irrespective of we need political parties because their personal opinions. 4 Partiesformandrungovernments. they perform all these functions. Butwestillneedtoaskwhymodern As we noted last year, the big policy democracies cannot exist without decisions are taken by political politicalparties. Wecanunderstand executive that comes from the the necessity of political parties by political parties. Parties recruit imaginingasituationwithoutparties. leaders, train them and then Every candidate in the elections make them ministers to run the will be independent. So no one government in the way they want. will be able to make any promises 5 Those parties that lose in the to the people about any major electionsplaytherole of opposition policy changes. The government to the parties in power, by voicing may be formed, but its utility will different views and criticising remain ever uncertain. Elected government for its failures or representatives will be accountable Okay, granted that we can’t wrong policies. Opposition parties to their constituency for what they live without also mobilise opposition to the do in the locality. But no one will political parties. government. be responsible for how the country will be run. But tell me on 6 Parties shape public opinion. what grounds do They raise and highlight issues. We can also think about it by people support a Parties have lakhs of members and looking at the non-party based political party? activists spread all over the country.elections to the panchayat in many Many of the pressure groups are the states. Although, the parties do not extensionsofpoliticalpartiesamong contest formally, it is generally different sections of society. Partiesnoticedthatthevillagegetssplitinto sometimes also launch movements morethanonefaction,eachofwhich for the resolution of problems puts up a ‘panel’ of its candidates. faced by people. Often opinions in This is exactly what the party does. s the society crystallise on the lines That is the reason we find political i parties take. parties in almost all countries of the t world, whether these countries are a 7 Parties provide people access P to government machinery and big or small, old or new, developed l welfare schemes implemented by or developing. c governments.Foranordinarycitizen The rise of political parties is Ruling Party: Political t party that runs l it is easy to approach a local party directly linked to the emergence government. o leader than a government officer. of representative democracies. P 49 Reprint 2026-27