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104 BUSINESS  STUDIES Infrastructure in Transportation In the first 50 years of independence, India saw the construction of around 13, 000 kilometers of national highways. The ambitious NHAI, Government of India’s project consisting of Golden Quadrilateral connecting Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and the North-South, East-West corridors linking Srinagar to Kanyakumari and Silchar to Porbandar will see the construction of 13,151 kms of National Highways within a span of eight years. This project will not only change the face of road transport in India, but it will also have a lasting impact on our economy. The Ministry of Railways have also done massive innovations in their movement and monitoring of goods trains to facilitate the needs of the business community. The Government of India is also serious in ensuring better and more facilities at the seaports and airports to provide an impetus to business activities. The government plans not only to enhance capacities of existing ports but also to develop modern and new ports at strategic locations. (ii)  Public warehouses: Public prior to payment of tax and customs warehouses can be used for storage duty.Thesearegoodswhichareimported of goods by traders, manufacturers from other countries. Importers are not or any member of the public after the permitted to remove goods from the paymentofastoragefeeorcharges.The docks or the airport till customs duty government regulates the operation of is paid. these warehouses by issuing licences At times, importers are not in for them to private parties. a position to pay the duty in full or does not require all the goods The owner of the warehouse stands as an agent of the owner of the goods immediately. The goods are kept in and is expected to take appropriate bonded warehouses by the customs care of the goods. authoritiestillthecustomsdutyispaid. These goods are said to be in bond. These warehouses provide other These warehouses have facilities facilities also, like transportation by rail and road. They are responsible for the for branding, packaging, grading and safetyofthegoods.Smallmanufacturers blending. Importers may bring their find it convenient as they cannot afford buyers for inspection of goods and repackage them according to their to construct their own warehouses. requirements. Thus, it facilitates Theotherbenefitsincludeflexibility marketing of goods. in the number of locations, no fixed cost and capability of offering value Goods can be removed in part as and when required by the importers added services, like packaging and and buyers, and import duty can be labelling. paid in instalments. (iii)  Bonded warehouses: Bonded The importer need not block funds warehouses are licensed by the for payment of import duties before government to accept imported goods the goods are sold or used. Even if Reprint 2026-27