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CHEMISTRY Problem 4.1 ea h of the o ygen atoms om leting the o tets on o ygen atoms his howe er rite the ewis dot stru ture of does not complete the octet on nitrogen molecule. if the remaining two electrons constitute Solution lone pair on it. Step1. ountthetotalnumberof alen e ele trons of arbon and o ygen atoms he outer alen e shell onfigurat2ons2 of arbon and o ygen atoms are s 2p en e we ha e to resort to multi le and 2s 2p res e ti ely he alen e bonding between nitrogen and one of ele trons a ailable are the o ygen atoms in this ase a double bond his leads to the following ewis Step 2. he s eletal stru ture of is dot structures. written as: C O Step 3. raw a single bond one shared ele tron air between and and complete the octet on O, the remaining two electrons are the lone pair on C. his does not om lete the o tet on arbon and hen e we ha e to resort to multi le bonding in this ase a tri le 4.1.4 Formal Charge bond between and atoms his satisfies the o tet rule ondition for both ewis dot stru tures in general do not atoms. represent the actual shapes of the molecules. In case of polyatomic ions, the net charge is possessed by the ion as a whole and not by a arti ular atom It is howe er feasible to assign a formal harge on ea h atom he formal charge of an atom in a polyatomic molecule or ion may be defined as the Problem 4.2 differen e between the number of alen e rite t–e ewis stru ture of the nitrite electrons of that atom in an isolated or free ion 2. state and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in the ewis stru ture It is Solution e ressed as Step 1. Count the total number of alen e ele trons of the nitrogen atom ormal harge the o ygen atoms and the additional one on an atom in a ewis structure negati e harge equal to one ele tron 2 2 s 2p s 2p ele trons total number of alen e total number of non electrons in the free— bonding lone air Step 2. he s eletal stru ture of 2is atom electrons written as total number of Step 3. raw a single bond one shared bonding shared electrons ele tron air between the nitrogen and Reprint 2026-27