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exploitation when some crisis occurs. This relationship between the mind and the body shows that psychology deals with human and that they were parallel to each other. behaviour and experience in the context of Recent studies in affective neuroscience have their society and culture. Thus, psychology is clearly shown that there is a relationship a social science with focus on the individuals between mind and behaviour. It has been and communities in relation to their socio- shown that using positive visualisation cultural and physical environment. techniques and feeling positive emotions, one can bring about significant changes in bodily processes. Ornish has shown this in a number U NDERSTANDING M IND AND B EHAVIOUR of studies with his patients. In these studies a You will recall that psychology was once person with blocked arteries was made to defined as a science of the mind. For many visualise that blood was flowing through her/ decades, the mind remained a taboo in his blocked arteries. After practicing this over a period of time, significant relief was obtained psychology because it could not be defined in by these patients as the degree of blockage concrete behavioural terms or its location could not be indicated. If the term “mind” has became significantly less. Use of mental returned to psychology, we should thank imagery, i.e. images generated by a person in her/his mind, have been used to cure various neuroscientists like Sperry and physicists like kinds of phobias (irrational fears of objects and Penrose, who have given it the respect which it deserved and now has. There are scientists situations). A new discipline called in various disciplines including psychology, Psychoneuroimmunology has emerged which emphasises the role played by the mind in who think that a unified theory of the mind is strengthening the immune system. a possibility, although it still is far away. What is mind? Is it the same as brain? It is true that mind cannot exist without brain, Activity 1.1 but mind is a separate entity. This can be Imagine and visualise yourself in the following appreciated on account of several interesting situations. Mention three psychological processes cases that have been documented. Some patients whose occipital lobes, which are involved in each situation. 1. You are writing an essay for a competition. responsible for vision, were surgically removed 2. You are chatting with a friend on an have been found to be responding correctly to interesting topic. location and configuration of visual cues. 3. You are playing football. 4. You are watching a soap opera on TV. Similarly, an amateur athlete lost his arm in 5. Your best friend has hurt you. a motorcycle accident but continued to feel 6. You are appearing in an examination. an “arm” and also continued to feel its 7. You are expecting an important visitor. movements. When offered coffee, his 8. You are preparing a speech to deliver in your school. “phantom arm” reached out to the coffee cup 9. You are playing chess. and when someone pulled it away, he 10. You are trying to figure out the answer of a protested. There are other similar cases difficult mathematics problem. documented by neuroscientists. A young man Discuss your answers with the teacher and classmates. who suffered brain injury in an accident, after he returned home from the hospital, claimed that his parents had been replaced by their “duplicates”. They were imposters. In each of POPULARN OTIONS ABOUT THE D ISCIPLINE these cases, the person had suffered from OF PSYCHOLOGY damage of some part of the brain but his “mind” had remained intact. It was earlier We mentioned above that everyday, almost believed by scientists that there is no everyone of us acts like a psychologist. We 6 Psychology Reprint 2026-27