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selects a theme or topic for study. Then s/he on television, higher is the degree of aggression narrows down the focus and develops specific displayed by them’. In your research, you shall research questions or problems for the study. now try to prove whether the statement is true This is done on the basis of review of past or false. research, observations, and personal experiences. For example, earlier you read that (2) Collecting Data : The second step in a researcher was interested in observing the scientific research is to collect data. Data study habits of students. For this purpose, collection requires developing a research design or a blueprint of the entire study. It s/he may identify different facets of study requires taking decisions about the following habits first, and then decide whether s/he is interested in study habits shown in the class four aspects: (a) participants in the study, or at home. (b) methods of data collection, (c) tools to be In psychology we study a diverse range of used in research, and (d) procedure for data collection. Depending upon the nature of the problems related to behaviour and study, the researcher has to decide who would experiences. These problems may be related to (a) understanding our own behaviour (for be the participants (or informants) in the example, how do I feel and behave when I am study. The participants could be children, in a state of joy or grief? How do we reflect on adolescents, college students, teachers, managers, clinical patients, industrial our own experiences and behaviour? Why do workers, or any group of individuals in whom/ we forget?); (b) understanding other where the phenomenon under investigation individual’s behaviour (for example, Is Abhinav more intelligent than Ankur? Why is someone is prevalent. The second decision is related to always not able to complete her or his work on the use of methods of data collection, such as observation method, experimental method, time? Can the habit of smoking be controlled? correlational method, case study, etc. The Why do some people suffering from chronic researcher needs to decide about appropriate illness not take medicines?); (c) group influences on individual behaviour (for tools (for example, interview schedule, example, why does Rahim spend more time observation schedule, questionnaire, etc.) for data collection. The researcher also decides meeting with people than doing his work?, about how the tools need to be administered Why does a cyclist perform better when cycling to collect data (i.e. individual or group). This before a group of persons than when cycling alone?); (d) group behaviour (for example, why is followed by actual collection of data. does risk-taking behaviour increase when (3) Drawing Conclusions : The next step is to people are in a group?), and (e) organisational analyse data so collected through the use of level (for example, why are some organisations statistical procedures to understand what the more successful than others? How can an data mean. This can be achieved through employer increase the motivation of graphicalrepresentations (such as preparation employees?). The list is long and you will learn of pie-chart, bar-diagram, cumulative about these various facets in subsequent frequencies, etc.) and by the use of different chapters. If you are inquisitive, you can write statistical methods. The purpose of analysis down a number of problems which you may is to verify a hypothesis and draw conclusions like to probe. accordingly. After identification of the problem, the researcher proceeds by developing a tentative (4) Revising Research Conclusions : The answer of the problem, which is called researcher may have begun the study with a hypothesis. For example, based on the earlier hypothesis that there exists a relationship evidence or your observation, you might between viewing violence on television and develop a hypothesis ‘greater is the amount aggression among children. S/he has to see of time spent by children in viewing violence whether the conclusions support this 22 Psychology Reprint 2026-27