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children among Rajputs of Khalapur. data. We generally use two methodological S. Anandalakshmy studied aspects of approaches for the analysis of data. These are: childhoodinaweavers’communityinVaranasi. quantitative and qualitative methods. In this Case studies provide detailed in-depth section, we will briefly discuss these depictions of people’s lives. However, while approaches. generalising on the basis of individual cases one needs to be very cautious. The problem of Quantitative Method validity in a single case study is quite challenging. It is recommended that the As you may have gathered by now, information should be collected using multiple psychological tests, questionnaires, structured interviews, etc. contain a series of close-ended strategies from different sources of information by a number of investigators. Careful planning questions. That is, the questions and their of data collection is also very necessary. probable responses are given in these Throughout the process of data collection the measures. Generally, these responses are researcher is required to maintain a chain of given in scaled forms. That is, they indicate evidence for linking various data sources the strength and magnitude of the response. having bearing on the research questions. For example, they may vary from 1 (low) to 5, As you have read, each method has its own 7 or 11 (high). The participants’ task is to select limitations and advantages. Therefore, it is the most appropriate response. Sometimes there are right and wrong responses. A desirable that the researcher should not depend upon only one method. A combination researcher assigns a number to each answer of two or more methods should be used to get (normally “1” for right answers, and “0” for the real picture. If the methods converge, i.e. wrong answers). At the end, the researcher they give the same results, one can certainly calculates the total of all these numbers and be more confident. arrives at an aggregate score, which tells about the participants’ level on that particular Activity 2.5 attribute (for example, intelligence, academic intelligence, etc.). In doing so, the researcher Identify the most appropriate method of enquiryonverts the psychological attributes into a for the following research problems. quantity (usually numbers). • Does noise influence the problem solving For the purpose of drawing conclusions, ability of the people? a researcher may compare individual’s score • Should there be a dress code for college with that of the group, or compare the scores students? • Studying the attitude of students, teachers,f two groups. This requires use of certain and parents towards homework. statistical methods about which you will study • Studying the behaviour of a student in a later. You have already read in mathematics playgroup and in a classroom. in Class X about the methods of central • Tracing the major life events of your favourite leader. tendency (mean, median, and mode), methods • Assessing the anxiety level of Class XI of variability (range, quartile deviation, students of your school. standard deviation), co-efficients of correlation, and so forth. These and some other advanced statistical methods enable a researcher to make inferences and to give A NALYSIS OF D ATA meaning to the data. In the earlier section, we discussed different Qualitative Method methods for collecting information. After data are collected, the next job of the researcher is Human experiences are very complex. This to draw conclusions. This requires analysis of complexity is lost when one elicits information Chapter 2 • Methods of Enquiry in Psychology 35 Reprint 2026-27