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Review Questions 1. What are the goals of scientific enquiry? 2. Describe the various steps involved in conducting a scientific enquiry. 3. Explain the nature of psychological data. 4. How do experimental and control groups differ? Explain with the help of an example. 5. A researcher is studying the relationship between speed of cycling and the presence of people. Formulate a relevant hypothesis and identify the independent and dependent variables. 6. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of experimental method as a method of enquiry. 7. Dr. Krishnan is going to observe and record children’s play behaviour at a nursery school without attempting to influence or control the behaviour. Which method of research is involved? Explain the process and discuss its merits and demerits. 8. Give two examples of the situations where survey method can be used. What are the limitations of this method? 9. Differentiate between an interview and a questionnaire. 10. Explain the characteristics of a standardised test. 11. Describe the limitations of psychological enquiry. 12. What are the ethical guidelines that a psychologist needs to follow while conducting a psychological enquiry? Project Ideas 1. Conduct a survey of the after-school activities of Class V and Class IX students taking a sample of 10 students in each. Find information about the time devoted by them in various activities, such as studying, playing, television viewing, hobbies, etc. Do you find any difference? What conclusions do you draw and what suggestions would you offer? 2. Conduct a study in your group to see the effect of recitation on learning of poetry. Take 10 six-year olds and divide them into two groups. Give group 1 a new poem to learn and instruct them to read it loudly for 15 minutes. Take group 2 and give them the same new poem to learn but instruct them not to read it loudly. After 15 minutes ask the two groups to recall. Care needs to be taken to see that both the groups are dealt with separately. After the recall has taken place, note down the observation. Identify what method of research you used, the hypothesis, the variables and the kind of experimental design that were there. Compare notes with the other groups and share the result with your teacher in the class. 39 Chapter 2 • Methods of Enquiry in Psychology Reprint 2026-27