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Sensory Memory registers where the information decays automatically in less than a second. The incoming information first enters the sensory memory. Sensory memory has a large capacity. However, it is of very short duration, Long-term Memory i.e. less than a second. It is a memory system Materials that survive the capacity and that registers information from each of the duration limitations of the STM finally enter senses with reasonable accuracy. Often this the long-term memory (abbreviated as LTM) system is referred to as sensory memories or which has a vast capacity. It is a permanent sensory registers because information from all storehouse of all information that may be as the senses are registered here as exact replica recent as what you ate for breakfast yesterday of the stimulus. If you have experienced visual to as distant as how you celebrated your sixth after-images (the trail of light that stays after birthday. It has been shown that once any the bulb is switched off) or when you hear information enters the long-term memory store it is never forgotten because it gets reverberations of a sound when the sound has encoded semantically, i.e. in terms of the ceased, then you are familiar with iconic (visual) or echoic (auditory) sensory registers. meaning that any information carries. What you experience as forgetting is in fact retrieval Short-term Memory failure; for various reasons you cannot retrieve the stored information. You will read about You will perhaps agree that we do not attend retrieval related forgetting later in this chapter. to all the information that impinge on our Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthestructural senses. Information that is attended to enters features of the stage model. Questions which the second memory store called the short-term still remain to be addressed are how does memory (abbreviated as STM), which holds information travel from one store to another small amount of information for a brief period and by what mechanisms it continues to stay of time (usually for 30 seconds or less). inanyparticularmemorystore.Letusexamine Atkinson and Shiffrin propose that the answers to these questions. information in STM is primarily encoded How does information travel from one store acoustically, i.e. in terms of sound and unless to another? As an answer to this question, rehearsed continuously, it may get lost from Atkinson and Shiffrin propose the notion of the STM in less than 30 seconds. Note that control processes which function to monitor the STM is fragile but not as fragile as sensory the flow of information through various Box 6.1 W orking Memory In recent years, psychologists have suggested thatsalimitednumberofsoundsandunlessrehearsed theshort-termmemoryisnotunitary,ratheritmay they decay within 2 seconds. The second component consist of many components. This multi- visuospatial sketchpad stores visual and spatial component view of short-term memory was first information and like phonological loop the capacity of proposed by Baddeley (1986) who suggested thatthesketchpadtooislimited.Thethirdcomponent,which theshort-termmemoryisnotapassivestorehouse Baddeley calls the Central Executive, organises but rather a work bench that holds a wide varietyormation from phonological loop, visuospatial of memory materials that are constantly handled,etchpad as well as from the long-term memory. Like manipulated and transformed as people perform a true executive, it allocates attentional resources to be various cognitive tasks. This work bench is calledributed to various information needed to perform a the working memory. The first component of thegiven cognitive operation and monitors, plans, and working memory is the phonological loop which controlsbehaviour. 98 Psychology Reprint 2026-27