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experienced this while solving mathematical Activity 7.2 problems. After completing a couple of questions, you form an idea of the steps that Problem 1 Anagrams : Rearrange the letters to form a word.required to solve these questions and (You can also construct some similar words) subsequently you go on following the same NAGMARA steps, until a point where you fail. At this point BOLMPER you may experience difficulty in avoiding the SLEVO STGNIH already used steps. Those steps would interfere in your thought for new strategies. TOLUSONI However, in day-to-day activities we often rely Problem 2 on past experiences with similar or related Joining dots : Without lifting your pencil fproblems. paper, connect all nine dots by drawing four Like mental set, functional fixedness in straight lines. problem solving occurs when people fail to solve a problem because they are fixed on a thing’s usual function. If you have ever used a hardbound book to hammer a nail, then you have overcome functional fixedness. Lack of Motivation Problem 3 People might be great at solving problems, but Try out the ‘water in three bottles’ activitall their skills and talents are of no use if they your friend. There are three bottles, A, B, and C. Bottle Aot motivated. Sometimes people give up can hold 21 ml., B can hold 127 ml., and C cansilywhentheyencounteraproblemorfailure hold 3 ml. The task for your friend is to gein implementing the first step. Therefore, there of water with the help of these three bottles. There are six more problems like this. These sevenis a need to persist in their effort to find a solution. problems are given below. Problems The required The capacity of the quantity bottles in ml. R EASONING A B C If you find a person desperately running on 1. 100 21 127 3 the railway platform, you could infer a number 2. 99 14 163 25 of things such as: he is running to catch the 3. 5 18 43 10 train which is about to leave, he wants to see 4. 21 9 42 6 5. 31 20 59 4 off his friend sitting in the train which is about 6. 20 23 49 3 to leave, he has left his bag in the train and 7. 25 28 76 3 wants to get in before the train leaves the station. To figure out why this person is (Answers are given at the end of the chapter) running, you could use different kinds of reasoning, deductive or inductive. particular strategy would sometimes help in solving a new problem. However, this tendency Deductive and Inductive Reasoning also creates a mental rigidity that obstructs thSince your previous experience indicates that problem solver to think of any new rules or people run on the platform to catch a train, strategies. Thus, while in some situations you would conclude that this person is getting mental set can enhance the quality and speed late and is running to catch the train. of problem solving, in other situations it The kind of reasoning that begins with an hinders problem solving. You might have assumption is called deductive reasoning. 114 Psychology Reprint 2026-27