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Hunger Sex When someone is hungry, the need for food Oneofthemostpowerfuldrivesinbothanimals dominates everything else. It motivates people and human beings is the sex drive. Motivation to obtain and consume food. Of course we to engage in sexual activity is a very strong must eat to live. But, what makes you feel factor influencing human behaviour. However, hungry? Studies have indicated that many sex is far more than a biological motive. It is events inside and outside the body may trigger different from other primary motives (hunger, hunger or inhibit it. The stimuli for hunger thirst) in many ways like, (a) sexual activity include stomach contractions, which signify is not necessary for an individual’s survival; that the stomach is empty, a low concentration (b) homeostasis (the tendency of the organism of glucose in the blood, a low level of protein as a whole to maintain constancy or to attempt and the amount of fats stored in the body. torestoreequilibriumifconstancyisdisturbed) The liver also responds to the lack of bodily is not the goal of sexual activity; and (c) sex fuel by sending nerve impulses to the brain. drive develops with age, etc. In case of lower The aroma, taste or appearance of food may animals, it depends on many physiological also result in a desire to eat. It may be noted conditions; in case of human beings, the sex that none of these alone gives you the feeling drive is very closely regulated biologically, that you are hungry. All in combination act sometimes it is very difficult to classify sex with external factors (such as taste, colour, purely as a biological drive. by observing others eating, and the smell of food, etc.) to help you understand that you Psychosocial Motives are hungry. Thus, it can be said that our food Social motives are mostly learned or acquired. intake is regulated by a complex feeding- satiety system located in the hypothalamus, Social groups such as family, neighbourhood, liver, and other parts of the body as well as friends, and relatives do contribute a lot in acquiring social motives. These are complex the external cues available in the environment. forms of motives mainly resulting from the individual’s interaction with her/his social Thirst What would happen to you, if you were environment. deprived of water for a long time? What makes you feel thirsty? When we are deprived of water Need for Affiliation for a period of several hours, the mouth and Most of us need company or friend or want to throat become dry, which leads to dehydration maintain some form of relationship with of body tissues. Drinking water is necessary others. Nobody likes to remain alone all the to wet a dry mouth. But a dry mouth does not time. As soon as people see some kinds of always result in water drinking behaviour. In similarities among themselves or they like each fact processes within the body itself control other, they form a group. Formation of group thirst and drinking of water. Water must get or collectivity is an important feature of human into the tissues sufficiently to remove the life. Often people try desperately to get close dryness of mouth and throat. to other people, to seek their help, and to become members of their group. Seeking other Motivation to drink water is mainly triggered by the conditions of the body: loss human beings and wanting to be close to them of water from cells and reduction of blood both physically and psychologically is called volume. When water is lost by bodily fluids, affiliation. It involves motivation for social water leaves the interior of the cells. The contact. Need for affiliation is aroused when individuals feel threatened or helpless and also anterior hypothalamus contains nerve cells called ‘osmoreceptors’, which generate nerve when they are happy. People high on this need impulses in case of cell dehydration. are motivated to seek the company of others 129 Chapter 8 • Motivation and Emotion Reprint 2026-27