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Box 5.2: Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture (TANWA) Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture (TANWA) was a project initiated in the late 1980s in Tamil Nadu to train women in latest agricultural techniques and in organic farming. It encouraged women to actively participate in raising agricultural productivity and family income. At a Farm Women’s Group in Thiruchirapalli, run by Anthoniammal, trained women are successfully making and selling vermicompost and earning money from this venture. Many other Farm Women’s Groups are creating savings in their group by functioning like mini banks through a micro-credit system. With the accumulated savings, they promote small-scale household activities like mushroom cultivation, soap manufacture, doll making or other income-generating activities. There could be similar initiatives in your area or your neighborhood rural areas. Talk to organisation or women entrepreneurs and discuss the details in the class. As agriculture is already are the widely held species. Livestock overcrowded, a major proportion of the production provides increased stability increasing labour force needs to find in income, food security, transport, fuel alternate employment opportunities in and nutrition for the family without other non-farm sectors. Non-farm disrupting other food-producing economy has several segments in it; activities. Today, livestock sector alone some possess dynamic linkages that provides alternate livelihood options to permit healthy growth while others are over 70 million small and marginal in subsistence, low productivity farmers including landless labourers. A propositions. The dynamic sub-sectors significant number of women also find include agro-processing industries, employment in the livestock sector. food processing industries, leather Chart 5.1 shows the distribution of industry, tourism, etc. Those sectors livestock in India. Poultry accounts for which have the potential but seriously the largest share with 61 per cent lack infrastructure and other support include traditional Chart 5.1: Distribution of Poultry and Livestock in India, 2019 home-based industries like pottery, crafts, handlooms etc. Majority of rural women find employment in agriculture while men generally look for non-farm employment. In recent times, women have also begun looking for non-farm jobs (see Box 5.2). Animal Husbandry: In India, the farming community uses the mixed crop-livestock farming system —cattle, goats, fowl RURAL DEVELOPMENT 83 Reprint 2026-27