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6.2 W ORKERS AND E MPLOYMENT The nature of employment in India is multifaceted. Some get employment What is employment? Who is a worker? throughout the year; some others get When a farmer works on fields, he or employed for only a few months in a she produces food grains and raw materials for industries. Cotton year. Many workers do not get fair wages for their work. While estimating becomes cloth in textile mills and in the number of workers, all those who powerlooms. Lorries transport goods are engaged in economic activities are from one place to another. We know that the total money value of all such included as employed. You might be interested in knowing the number of final goods and services produced in a people actively engaged in various country in a year is called its gross economic activities. During 2022-23, domestic product for that year. When we also consider what we pay for our India had a workforce of about 545 million. Since majority of our people imports and get from our exports we reside in rural areas, the proportion of find that there is a net earning for the workforce residing there is higher. The country which may be positive (if we haveexportedmoreinvaluetermsthan imported) or negative (if imports Work This Out exceededexportsinvalueterms)orzero (ifexportsandimportswereofthesame Ø In your house or value). When we add this earning (plus neighbourhood, you might or minus) from foreign transactions, come across many women who, even though they whatwegetiscalledthecountry’sgross have technical degrees national product for that year. and diplomas and also free Those activities which contribute to the gross national product are called time to go to work, do not go to work. Ask them the economic activities. All those who are reasons for not going to engaged in economic activities, in work. List all of them and whatever capacity — high or low, are discuss in the classroom workers. Even if some of them whether they should go for work and why, and also temporarily abstain from work due to ways by which they could illness, injury or other physical disability, bad weather, festivals, social be sent for work. Some or religious functions, they are also social scientists argue that housewives working at workers. Workersalsoincludeallthose home without getting paid who help the main workers in these for that work must also be activities. We generally think of only regarded as contributing to those who are paid by an employer for the gross national product and therefore, as engaged their work as workers. This is not so. Those who are self-employed are also in an economic activity. workers. Would you agree? 94 INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Reprint 2026-27