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rural workers constitute about two- to know the worker-population ratio thirds of this 545 million. Men form the for India, divide the total number of majority of workforce in India. About workers in India by the population in 77 per cent of the workers are men and India and multiply it by 100, you will the rest are women (men and women get the worker-population ratio for include child labourers in respective India. sexes). Women workers account for If you look at Table 6.1, it shows one-fourth of the rural workforce the different levels of participation of whereas in urban areas, they are just people in economic activities. For one-fifth of the workforce. Women every 100 persons, about 41 (by carry out works like cooking, fetching rounding off 41.1) are workers in water and fuelwood and participate in India. In urban areas, the proportion farm labour. They are not paid wages is about 38, whereas in rural India, in cash or in the form of grains; at the ratio is about 42. Why is there times they are not paid at all. For this such a difference? People in rural areas reason, these women are not have limited resources to earn a higher categorised as workers. Economists income and participate more in the argue that these women should also employment market. Many do not go be called workers. What do you think? to schools, colleges and other training institutions. Even if some go, they 6.3 P ARTICIPATION OF P EOPLE IN discontinue in the middle to join the E MPLOYMENT workforce; whereas, in urban areas, a Worker-population ratio is an indicator considerable section is able to study in variouseducationalinstitutions.Urban which is used for analysing the people have a variety of employment employment situation in the country. opportunities. They look for the This ratio is useful in knowing the proportion of population that is appropriate job to suit their qualifications and skills. In rural areas, actively contributing to the production people cannot stay at home as their of goods and services of a country. If economicconditionmaynotallowthem the ratio is higher,it means that the engagement of people is greater; if the to do so. ratio for a country is medium, or low, TABLE 6.1 it means that a very high proportion of its population is not involved Worker-Population Ratio in India, directly in economic activities. 2023–24 You might have already studied, Sex Worker-Population Ratio in lower classes, the meaning of the Total Rural Urban term ‘population’. Population is Men 56.4 56.3 56.4 defined as the total number of people Women 30.7 34.8 20.7 who reside in a particular locality at Total 43.7 45.6 38.9 a particular point of time. If you want EMPLOYMENT : GROWTH, INFORMALISATION AND OTHER ISSUES 95 Reprint 2026-27