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STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 13 comparatively higher in elevation and more which lies a large reserve of mineral resources continuous than the Eastern Ghats. Their in the Chotanagpur plateau. average elevation is about 1,500 m with the height increasing from north to south. The Northeastern Plateau ‘Anaimudi’ (2,695 m), the highest peak of Peninsular plateau is located on the In fact it is an extension of the main Peninsular Anaimalai hills of the Western Ghats followed plateau. It is believed that due to the force exerted by the northeastward movement of the by Dodabetta (2,637 m) on the Nilgiri hills. Indian plate at the time of the Himalayan Most of the Peninsular rivers have their origin origin, a huge fault was created between the in the Western Ghats. Eastern Ghats comprising the discontinuous and low hills Rajmahal hills and the Meghalaya plateau. are highly eroded by the rivers such as the Later, this depression got filled up by the deposition activity of the numerous rivers. Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Today, the Meghalaya and Karbi Anglong Kaveri, etc. Some of the important ranges plateau stand detached from the main include the Javadi hills, the Palconda range, the Nallamala hills, the Mahendragiri hills, etc.eninsular Block. The Meghalaya plateau is The Eastern and the Western Ghats meet each further sub-divided into three: (i) The Garo Hills; (ii) The Khasi Hills; (iii) The Jaintia Hills, other at the Nilgiri hills. named after the tribal groups inhabiting this region. An extension of this is also seen in the The Central Highlands Karbi Anglong hills of Assam. Similar to the They are bounded to the west by the Aravali Chotanagpur plateau, the Meghalaya plateau range. The Satpura range is formed by a is also rich in mineral resources like coal, iron series of scarped plateaus on the south, ore, sillimanite, limestone and uranium. This generally at an elevation varying between area receives maximum rainfall from the south 600-900 m above the mean sea level. This west monsoon. As a result, the Meghalaya forms the northernmost boundary of the plateau has a highly eroded surface. Deccan plateau. It is a classic example of the Cherrapunji displays a bare rocky surface relict mountains which are highly denuded devoid of any permanent vegetation cover. and form discontinuous ranges. The extension of the Peninsular plateau can be The Indian Desert seen as far as Jaisalmer in the West, where it To the northwest of the Aravali hills lies the has been covered by the longitudinal sand ridges and crescent-shaped sand dunes Great Indian desert. It is a land of undulating called barchans. This region has undergone topography dotted with longitudinal dunes and barchans. This region receives low rainfall metamorphic processes in its geological below 150 mm per year; hence, it has arid history, which can be corroborated by the climate with low vegetation cover. It is because presence of metamorphic rocks such as marble, slate, gneiss, etc. of these characteristic features that this is also The general elevation of the Central known as Marusthali. It is believed that during the Mesozoic era, this region was Highlands ranges between 700-1,000 m under the sea. This can be corroborated above the mean sea level and it slopes towards the north and northeastern by the evidence available at wood fossils directions. Most of the tributaries of the riverpark at Aakal and marine deposits around Yamuna have their origin in the Vindhyan Brahmsar, near Jaisalmer (The and Kaimur ranges. Banas is the only approximate age of the wood-fossils is estimated to be 180 million years). Though significant tributary of the river Chambal that the underlying rock structure of the desert originates from the Aravalli in the west. An eastern extension of the Central Highland is is an extension of the Peninsular plateau, formed by the Rajmahal hills, to the south of yet, due to extreme arid conditions, its surface 2026-27