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14 INDIA : PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast. Extending from the Gujarat coast in the north to the Kerala coast in the south, the western coast may be divided into following divisions – the Kachchh and Kathiawar coast in Gujarat, Konkan coast in Maharashtra, Goan coast and Malabar coast in Karnataka and Kerala respectively. The Figure 2.6 : The Indian Desert western coastal plains are narrow in the middle and get broader towards north and Can you identify the type of sand south. The rivers flowing through this coastal dunes shown in this picture? plain do not form any delta. The Malabar coast has got certain distinguishing features in the form of ‘Kayals’ (backwaters), which are features have been carved by physical used for fishing, inland navigation and also weathering and wind actions. Some of the well pronounced desert land features present here due to its special attraction for tourists. Every are mushroom rocks, shifting dunes and oasis year the famous Nehru Trophy Vallamkali (boat race) is held in Punnamada Kayal in (mostly in its southern part). On the basis of Kerala. the orientation, the desert can be divided into two parts: the northern part is sloping towards As compared to the western coastal plain, Sindh and the southern towards the Rann of the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an Kachchh. Most of the rivers in this region are example of an emergent coast. There are well- developed deltas here, formed by the rivers ephemeral. The Luni river flowing in the flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal. These southern part of the desert is of some significance. Low precipitation and high include the deltas of the Mahanadi, the evaporation makes it a water deficit region. Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of There are some streams which disappear after ports and harbours. The continental shelf flowing for some distance and present a typical extends up to 500 km into the sea, which case of inland drainage by joining a lake or playa. The lakes and the playas have brackish makes it difficult for the development of waterwhichisthemainsourceofobtainingsalt. good ports and harbours. Name some ports on the eastern coast. The Coastal Plains You have already read that India has a long coastline . On the basis of the location and active geomorphological processes, it can be broadly divided into two: (i) the western coastal plains; (ii) the eastern coastal plains. The western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. It is believed that the city of Dwaraka which was once a part of the Indian mainland situated along the west coast is submerged under water. Because of this submergence it is a narrow belt and Figure 2.7 : Coastal Plains 2026-27