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DRAINAGE SYSTEM 21 dischargesintotheArabianSea,eastofKarachi. Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh (3,900 m) The Indus flows in India through Union in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. Here, it is known as the Bhagirathi. It cuts TerritoriesofLadakhandJammuandKashmir. through the Central and the Lesser The Jhelum, an important tributary of Himalayas in narrow gorges. At Devprayag, the Indus, rises from a spring at Verinag situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda; hereafter, it is known as the Ganga. The south-eastern part of the valley of Kashmir. Alaknanda has its source in the Satopanth It flows through Srinagar and the Wular lake glacier above Badrinath. The Alaknanda before entering Pakistan through a deep narrow gorge. It joins the Chenab near Jhang consists of the Dhauli and the Vishnu Ganga in Pakistan. which meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag. The other tributaries of Alaknanda such as The Chenab is the largest tributary of the the Pindar joins it at Karna Prayag Indus. It is formed by two streams, the Chandra and the Bhaga, which join at while Mandakini or Kali Ganga meets it at Tandi near Keylong in Himachal Pradesh. Rudra Prayag. The Ganga enters the plains at Haridwar. From here, it flows first to Hence, it is also known as Chandrabhaga. the south, then to the south-east and east The river flows for 1,180 km before entering before splitting into two distributaries, into Pakistan. The Ravi is another important tributary of namely the Bhagirathi and the Padma. The the Indus. It rises west of the Rohtang pass in river has a length of 2,525 km. It is shared by Uttarakhand (110 km) and Uttar Pradesh the Kullu hills of Himachal Pradesh and flows (1,450 km), Bihar (445 km) and West Bengal throughtheChambavalleyofthestate.Before enteringPakistanandjoiningtheChenabnear (520 km). The Ganga basin covers about 8.6 Sarai Sidhu, it drains the area lying between lakh sq. km area in India alone. The Ganga the southeastern part of the Pir Panjal and the Dhauladhar ranges. The Beas is another important tributary of Do you Know? theIndus,originatingfromtheBeasKundnear ‘Namami Gange Programme’, is an the Rohtang Pass at an elevation of 4,000 m Integrated Conservation Mission, approved above the mean sea level. The river flows as “Flagship Programme” by the Union through the Kullu valley and forms gorges at Government in June 2014 with the twin Kati and Largi in the Dhaoladhar range. It enters the Punjab plains where it meets the objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of the Satluj near Harike. National River Ganga. TheSatlujoriginatesinthe‘Raksastal’near Main pillars of the Namami Gange Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555 m in Tibet where it is known as Langchen Khambab. It Programme are: • Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure flowsalmostparalleltotheIndusforabout400 • River-Front Development km before entering India, and comes out of a • River-Surface Cleaning gorge at Rupar. It passes through the Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the • Bio-Diversity Punjab plains. It is an antecedent river. It is a • Afforestation • Public Awareness very important tributary as it feeds the canal • Industrial Effluent Monitoring system of the Bhakra Nangal project. • Ganga Gram The Ganga System You may explore about this project at http://nmcg.nic.in/NamamiGanga.aspx# The Ganga is the most important river of India both from the point of view of its basin and cultural significance. It rises in the 2026-27