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38 INDIA : PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Seasons Months Months (ii) Except Himalayas all the parts of the (According to the (According to the country have temperature above the Indian Calendar) Gregorian Calendar) threashold level to grow the crops or Vasanta Chaitra-Vaisakha March-April plants throughout the year.. Grishma Jyaistha-Asadha May-June (iii) Regional variations in monsoon climate Varsha Sravana-Bhadra July-August help in growing various types of crops. Sharada Asvina-Kartika September-October (iv) Variability of rainfall brings droughts or Hemanta Margashirsa-Pausa November-December Shishira Magha-Phalguna January-February floodseveryyearinsomepartsofthecountry. (v) Agricultural prosperity of India depends very much on timely and adequately Distribution of Rainfall distributed rainfall. If it fails, agriculture The average annual rainfall in India is about is adversely affected particularly in those 125 cm, but it has great spatial variations . regions where means of irrigation are not developed. Areas of High Rainfall : The highest rainfall (vi) Sudden monsoon burst creates problem occurs along the west coast, on the Western of soil erosion over large areas in India. Ghats, as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas (vii) Winter rainfall by temperate cyclones isthenortheastandthehillsofMeghalaya.Here in north India is highly beneficial for the rainfall exceeds 200 cm. In some parts of rabi crops. Khasi and Jaintia hills, the rainfall exceeds (viii) Regional climatic variation in India 1,000 cm. In the Brahmaputra valley and the is reflected in the vast variety of food, adjoining hills, the rainfall is less then 200 cm. clothes and house types. Areas of Medium Rainfall : Rainfall between 100-200 cm is received in the southern parts G LOBAL W ARMING of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, northeastern You know that change is the law of nature. Peninsula covering Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Climate has also witnessed change in the past easternMadhyaPradesh,northernGangaplain alongthesub-HimalayasandtheCacharValley at the global as well as at local levels. It is and Manipur. changing even now but the change is imperceptible. A number of geological Areas of Low Rainfall : Western Uttar Pradesh, evidences suggest that once upon a time, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, largepartoftheearthwasundericecover. Now easternRajasthan,GujaratandDeccanPlateau you might have read or heard the debate on receive rainfall between 50-100 cm. global warming. Besides the natural causes, Areas of Inadequate Rainfall: Parts of the human activities such as large scale Peninsula, especially in Andhra Pradesh, industrialisation and presence of polluting Karnataka and Maharashtra, Ladakh and most gas in the atmosphere are also important ofwesternRajasthanreceiverainfallbelow50cm. factors responsible for global warming. You Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan mighthaveheardaboutthe“greenhouseeffect” region. while discussing global warming. Identify the pattern of rainfall after The temperature of the world is consulting the rainfall map. significantly increasing. Carbon dioxide produced by human activities is a major Monsoons and the Economic Life in India source of concern. This gas, released to the (i) Monsoon is that axis around which atmosphere in large quantities by burning revolves the entire agricultural cycle of of fossil fuel, is increasing gradually. Other gases like methane, chlorofluorocarbons, India. It is because about 64 per cent people of India depend on agriculture for and nitrous oxide which are present in much their livelihood and agriculture itself is smaller concentrations in the atmosphere, based on southwest monsoon. together with carbon dioxide are known as 2026-27