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172 T HEMES INWORLDH ISTORY The Guomindang blockade of the Communists’ Soviet forced the party to seek another base. This led them to go on what came to be called the Long March (1934-35), 6,000 gruelling and difficult miles to Shanxi. Here, in their new base in Yanan, they further developed their programme to end warlordism, carry out land reforms and fight foreign imperialism. This won them a strong social base. In the difficult years of the war, the Communists and the Guomindang worked together, but after the end of the war the Communists established themselves in power and the Guomindang was defeated. M AP2: The Long March Photograph of soldiers on the Long March reclaiming wasteland, 1941. Establishing the New Democracy: 1949-65 The Peoples Republic of China government was established in 1949. It *This term was used was based on the principles of the ‘New Democracy’, an alliance of all by Karl Marx to social classes, unlike the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’* that the Soviet stress that the Union said it had established. Critical areas of the economy were put working class would under government control, and private enterprise and private ownership replace the repressive of land were gradually ended. This programme lasted till 1953 when government of the the government declared that it would launch a programme of socialist propertied class with transformation. The Great Leap Forward movement launched in 1958 a revolutionary government and not was a policy to galvanise the country to industrialise rapidly. People a dictatorship in the were encouraged to set up steel furnaces in their backyards. In the current sense. rural areas, people’s communes (where land would be collectively owned Reprint 2026-27