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Box 1 Major landmark discoveries in plant tissue culture and its applications Gottlieb Haberlandt proposed that plant cells can be cultured on artificial 1902 media and developed the concept of in vitro cell culture. Hanning initiated work on excised embryo culture and later cultured 1904 embryos from several cruciferous species. Kotte and Robbins suggested root and stem tips as possible explants to 1922 initiate in vitro tissue culture. 1926 Went discovered the first plant growth hormone, i.e., Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The role of vitamin B as growth supplement in plant tissue culture was 1934 reported by White. He could successfully establish continuous growing cultures from tomato root tips. 1937 White formulated the first synthetic plant tissue culture medium (WM). 1941 Johannes Van Overbeek introduced coconut water as a media component and demonstrated its beneficial effects on in vitro tissue culture. 1946 Ball raised whole plants from shoot tips of Lupinus. 1954 Muir successfully induced cell division in mechanically isolated single cells. Skoog and Miller reported the discovery of Kinetin, which is a type of 1955 cytokinin and promotes cell division. Skoog and Miller described chemical control hypothesis of root and shoot 1957 differentiation by manipulating the ratio of concentrations of auxin and kinetin. Murashige and Skoog formulated MS medium with higher salt 1962 concentrations. Guha and Maheshwari produced the first androgenic haploid Datura plant 1964 by anther culture. 1971 Protoplasts were subcultured in vitro, and plants were regenerated from their culture. 1972 Protoplast from two different species of Nicotiana were isolated, fused together and somatic hybrids were generated successfully. Gynogenic haploid plants were successfully cultured from unfertilised 1976 ovaries of barley by San Noeum. Melchers and colleagues produced ‘Pomato’, which was a hybrid of potato 1978 and tomato, and was produced through somatic hybridisation. PlantTissue Culture 169 Reprint 2025-26