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The North Pacific Sea Route sea-route distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared to the Cape of Good Hope Trade across the vast North Pacific Ocean moves by several routes which converge at route. It is a sea-level canal without locks Honolulu. The direct route on the Great Circle which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep. About 100 ships travel daily and each ship links Vancouver and Yokohama and reduces takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal. The tolls the travelling distance (2,480 km) by half. This sea route links the ports on the west-re so heavy that some find it cheaper to go by coastofNorthAmericawiththoseofAsia.These the longer Cape Route whenever the areVancouver, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco consequent delay is not important. A railway follows the canal to Suez, and from Ismailia and Los Angeles on the American side and Yokohama,Kobe,Shanghai,HongKong,Manila there is a branch line to Cairo. A navigable and Singapore on the Asian side. fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia to supply fresh-water to The South Pacific Sea Route Port Said and Suez. This sea route connects Western Europe and NorthAmericawithAustralia,NewZealand and the scattered Pacific islands via the Panama Canal.ThisrouteisalsousedforreachingHong Kong, Philippines and Indonesia. The distance covered between Panama and Sydney is 12,000 km. Honolulu is an important port on this route. Coastal Shipping It is obvious that water transport is a cheaper mode. While oceanic routes connect different countries, coastal shipping is a convenient mode of transportation with long coastlines, e.g. U.S.A, China and India. Shenzhen States in Europe are most suitably placed for coastal shipping connecting one member’s coast with theother.Ifproperlydeveloped,coastalshipping can reduce the congestion on the land routes. Shipping Canals The Suez and the Panama Canals are two vital Fig. 7.10 : Suez Canal man-made navigation canals or waterways which serve as gateways of commerce for both the eastern and western worlds. The Panama Canal This canal connects the Atlantic Ocean in the The Suez Canal easttothePacificOceaninthewest.Ithasbeen This canal had been constructed in 1869 in constructed across the Panama Isthmus Egypt between Port Said in the north and Port between Panama City and Colon by the U.S. Suez in the south linking the Mediterranean government which purchased 8 km of area on Sea and the Red Sea. It gives Europe a new either side and named it the Canal Zone. The gateway to the Indian Ocean and reduces direct Canal is about 72 km. long and involves a very Transport and Communication 63 Reprint 2026-27