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Table 2.1 : India – Trends of Urbanisation 1901-2011 Year Number of Urban Population % of Total Decennial Towns/UAs (in Thousands) Population Growth (%) 1901 1,827 25,851.9 10.84 —- 1911 1,815 25,941.6 10.29 0.35 1921 1,949 28,086.2 11.18 8.27 1931 2,072 33,456.0 11.99 19.12 1941 2,250 44,153.3 13.86 31.97 1951 2,843 62,443.7 17.29 41.42 1961 2,365 78,936.6 17.97 26.41 1971 2,590 1,09,114 19.91 38.23 1981 3,378 1,59,463 23.34 46.14 1991 4,689 2,17,611 25.71 36.47 2001 5,161 2,85,355 27.78 31.13 2011* 6,171 3,77,000 31.16 31.08 *Source: Census of India, 2011 http.//www.censusindia.gov.in (Provisional) administrative and military areas to them. Functional Classification of Towns Towns based on modern industries also evolved after 1850. Jamshedpur can be cited Apart from their role as central or nodal places, as an example. many towns and cities perform specialised Afterindependence,alargenumberoftowns services. Some towns and cities specialise in have been developed as administrative certain functions and they are known for headquarters, e.g., Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, some specific activities, products or services. Gandhinagar, Dispur, etc., and industrial However, each town performs a number of centres, such as Durgapur, Bhilai, Sindri, functions. On the basis of dominant or Barauni. Some old towns also developed as specialised functions, Indian cities and towns satellite towns around metropolitan cities, such can be broadly classified as follows: as Ghaziabad, Rohtak, Gurugram around Administrative towns and cities Delhi.Withincreasinginvestmentinruralareas, a large number of medium and small towns Towns supporting administrative headquarters have developed all over the country. of higher order are administrative towns, such as Chandigarh, New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, Urbanisation in India The level of urbanisation is measured in Guwahati, Imphal, Srinagar, Gandhinagar, Jaipur, Chennai, etc. terms of percentage of urban population to total population. The level of urbanisation in Industrial towns India in 2011 was 31.16 per cent, which is Industriesconstituteprimemotiveforceofthese quite low in comparison to developed countries. Total urban population has cities, such as Mumbai, Salem, Coimbatore, increased eleven-fold during the twentieth Modinagar, Jamshedpur, Hugli, Bhilai, etc. century. Enlargement of urban centres and Transport Cities emergence of new towns have played a significant role in the growth of urban They may be ports primarily engaged in export and import activities such as Kandla, Cochin, population and urbanisation in the country. (Table 2.1). But the growth rate of Kozhikode, Vishakhapatnam, etc., or hubs of urbanisation has slowed down during last inland transport, such as Agra, Dhulia, Pandit two decades. Deendayal Upadhyay Nagar, Itarsi, Katni, etc. 18 India : People and Economy Reprint 2026-27