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Table 3.1 : Composition of Total Cultivable Land Agricultural Land-use As a percentage of As a percentage of Categories Reporting Area total cultivable land 1950-51 2019-20 1950-51 2019-20 Culturable Waste land 8.0 3.9 13.4 6.8 Fallow other than Current Fallow 6.1 3.7 10.2 6.4 Current Fallow 3.7 4.5 6.2 7.8 Net Area Sown 41.7 45.6 70.0 79.0 Total Cultivable Land 59.5 57.7 100.00 100.00 It is clear from the above discussion that season facilitate the cultivation of temperate the scope for bringing in additional land under and subtropical crops such as wheat, gram netsownareainIndiaislimited.Thereis,thus, and mustard. Zaid is a short duration summer anurgentneedtoevolveandadoptland-saving cropping season beginning after harvesting of technologies.Suchtechnologiescanbeclassified rabi crops. The cultivation of watermelons, under two heads – those which raise the yield cucumbers,vegetablesandfoddercropsduring of any particular crop per unit area of land and thisseasonisdoneonirrigatedlands.However, those which increase the total output per unit this type of distinction in the cropping season area of land from all crops grown over one does not exist in southern parts of the country. agricultural year by increasing land-use Here, the temperature is high enough to grow intensity. The advantage of the latter kind of tropical crops during any period in the year technology is that along with increasing output provided the soil moisture is available. from limited land, it also increases the demand Therefore,inthisregionsamecropscanbegrown for labour significantly. For a land scarce but thrice in an agricultural year provided there is labour abundant country like India, a high sufficientsoilmoisture. croppingintensityisdesirablenotonlyforfuller utilisation of land resource, but also for Types of Farming reducing unemployment in the rural economy. The cropping intensity (CI) is calculated On the basis of main source of moisture for crops,thefarmingcanbeclassifiedas irrigated as follows : and rainfed barani ). There is difference in the GCA nature of irrigated farming, as well as based on Cropping Intensity in percentage = ×100 NSA the objective of irrigation, i.e., protective or productive.Theobjectiveofprotectiveirrigation is to protect the crops from adverse effects of Cropping Seasons in India There are three distinct crop Table 3.2 : Cropping Seasons in India seasons in the northern and interior parts of country, namely Cropping Season Major Crops Cultivated kharif ,rabi and zaid . The kharif Northern States Southern States season largely coincides with Southwest Monsoon under which Kharif Rice, Cotton, Bajra, Rice, Maize, Ragi, the cultivation of tropical crops, June-September Maize, Jowar, Tur Jowar, Groundnut such as rice, cotton, jute, jowar, bajra and tur is possible. The rabi Rabi Wheat, Gram, Rapeseeds Rice, Maize, Ragi, season begins with the onset of October – March and Mustard, Barley Groundnut, Jowar winter in October-November and Zaid Vegetables, Fruits, Rice, Vegetables, ends in March-April. The low April–June Fodder Fodder temperatureconditionsduringthis Land Resources and Agriculture 25 Reprint 2026-27