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specific field (e.g., spiritual, social, These may include life enrichment aesthetic, etc.). The highly talented are programmes that can sharpen children’s sometimes called ‘prodigies’. skills in productive thinking, planning, It has been suggested by psychologists decision-making, and communication. that giftedness from the teachers’ point of view depends on a combination of high Types of Intelligence Tests ability, high creativity, and high Intelligence tests are of several types. On commitment. Gifted children show early signs of the basis of their administration procedure, they can be categorised as individual or intellectual superiority. Even during group tests. They can also be classified as infancy and early childhood, they show either verbal or performance tests on the larger attention span, good recognition basis of the nature of items used. memory, preference for novelty, sensitivity to environmental changes, and early Depending upon the extent to which an intelligence test favours one culture over appearance of language skills. To equate another, it can be judged as either culture- giftedness with brilliant academic fair or culture-biased. You can choose a performance is not correct. Athletes who show superior psychomotor ability are test depending on the purpose of your use. also gifted. Each gifted student Individual or Group Tests possesses different strengths, personalities and characteristics. Some important An individual intelligence test is one which characteristics of gifted children are : can be administered to one person at a • Advanced logical thinking, questioning time. A group intelligence test can be administered to several persons and problem solving behaviour. • High speed in processing information. simultaneously. Individual tests require • Superior generalisation and discri- the test administrator to establish a mination ability. rapport with the subject and be sensitive to her/his feelings, moods and expressions • Advanced level of original and creative during the testing session. Group tests, thinking. • High level of intrinsic motivation and however, do not allow an opportunity to be self-esteem. familiar with the subjects’ feelings. Individual tests allow people to answer • Independent and non-conformist orally or in a written form or manipulate thinking. objects as per the tester’s instructions. • Preference for solitary academic activities for long periods. Group tests generally seek written answers Performance on intelligence tests is not usually in a multiple-choice format. the only measure for identifying the gifted. Verbal, Non-Verbal, or Performance Tests Many other sources of information, such as teachers’ judgment, school achievement An intelligence test may be fully verbal, record, parents’ interviews, peer and self- fully non-verbal or fully performance- ratings, etc. can be used in combination based, or it may consist of a mixture of with intellectual assessment. To reach their items from each category. Verbal tests full potential, gifted children require specialequire subjects to give verbal responses attention and different educational either orally or in a written form. programmes beyond those provided to Therefore, verbal tests can be administered onlytoliteratepeople.Thenon-verbaltestsuse normal children in regular classrooms. 13 Chapter 1 • Variations in Psychological Attributes Reprint 2026-27