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assess experiences common to all cultures (NCERT) has documented Indian tests. or have questions in which language usage Critical reviews of Indian tests are is not required. Non-verbal and published in the form of handbooks. performance tests help reduce the cultural NLEPT has brought out the handbooks in bias usually associated with verbal tests. the area of intelligence, aptitude, Intelligence Testing in India personality, attitudes, and interests. Table 1.2 lists some tests developed in S.M. Mohsin made a pioneering attempt in India. Among these, Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Tests is quite popular. constructing an intelligence test in Hindi Table 1.2 : Some Tests Developed in India Verbal Performance • CIE Verbal Group Test of Intelligence b• CIE Non-verbal Group Test of Intelligence Uday Shankar • Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Tests • Group Test of General Mental Ability by• Draw-a-Man Test by Pramila Pathak S. Jalota • Group Test of Intelligence by Prayag Mehta Adaptation of Wechsler Adult Performance Intelligence Scale by R. Ramalingaswamy • The Bihar Test of Intelligence by S.M. Mohsin • Group Test of Intelligence by Bureau of Psychology, Allahabad • Indian Adaptation of Stanford-Binet Test (Third Edition) by S.K. Kulshrestha • Test of General Mental Ability (Hindi) by M.C. Joshi. in the 1930s. C.H. Rice attempted to CULTURE AND NTELLIGENCE standardise Binet’s test in Urdu and Punjabi. At about the same time, A major characteristic of intelligence is that Mahalanobis attempted to standardise it helps individuals to adapt to their Binet’s test in Bengali. Attempts were also environment. The cultural environment made by Indian researchers to develop provides a context for intelligence to Indian norms for some western tests develop. Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, including RPM, WAIS, Alexander’s has argued that cultur e provides a social Passalong, Cube Construction, and Kohs’ context in which people live, grow, and Block Design. Long and Mehta prepared a understand the world around them. For Mental Measurement Handbook listing out example, in less technologically developed 103 tests of intelligence in India that were societies, social and emotional skills in available in various languages. Since then, relating to people are valued, while in a number of tests have either been technologically advanced societies, developed or adapted from western personal achievement founded on abilities cultures. The National Library of of reasoning and judgment is considered Educational and Psychological Tests to represent intelligence. (NLEPT) at the National Council of From your previous r eading you know Educational Research and Training that culture is a collective system 15 Chapter 1 • Variations in Psychological Attributes Reprint 2026-27