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Fig.2.3 : Pattern of Adjustment and Self-concept Rogers views personality development from your study of motivation in Class XI. as a continuous process. It involves Maslow has given a detailed account of learning to evaluate oneself and psychologically healthy people in terms of mastering the process of self- their attainment of self-actualisation, a actualisation. He recognises the role of state in which people have reached their social influences in the development of own fullest potential. Maslow had an self-concept. When social conditions are optimistic and positive view of man who positive, the self-concept and self-esteem has the potentialities for love, joy and to are high. In contrast, when the conditions do creative work. Human beings are are negative, the self-concept and self- considered free to shape their lives and to esteem are low. People with high self- self-actualise. Self-actualisation becomes concept and self-esteem are generally possible by analysing the motivations that flexible and open to new experiences, so govern our life. We know that biological, that they can continue to grow and self- security, and belongingness needs (called actualise. survival needs) are commonly found This situation warrants that an among animals and human beings. Thus, atmosphere of unconditional positive an individual’s sole concern with the regard must be created in order to ensure satisfaction of these needs reduces her/ enhancement of people’s self-concept. The him to the level of animals. The real client-centred therapy that Rogers journey of human life begins with the developed basically attempts to create this pursuit of self-esteem and self- condition. actualisation needs. The humanistic You are already familiar with the approach emphasises the significance of hierarchy of needs propounded by Maslow positive aspects of life (see Box 2.3). Who is a Healthy Person? Box 2.3 The humanistic theorists have indicated that healthy personality lies in not mere adjustment to society. It involves a quest to know oneself deeply and to be true to one’s own feelings without disguise, and to be oneself in the here-and-now. According to them, the healthy people share the following characteristics : 1. They become aware of themselves, their feelings, and their limits; accept themselves, and what they make of their lives as their own responsibility; have ‘the courage to be’. 2. They experience the “here-and-now”; are not trapped. 3. They do not live in the past or dwell in the future through anxious expectations and distorted defences. 41 Chapter 2 • Self and Personality Reprint 2026-27