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(2) Graphic emphasis on the neck suggests enough potential to reveal her/his lack of control over impulses. personality. The structured interviews (3) Disproportionately large head suggests address very specific questions and follow organic brain disease and pre- a set procedure. This is often done to make occupation with headaches. objective comparison of persons being The analysis of personality with the interviewed. Use of rating scales may help of projective techniques appears fairlyfurther enhance the objectivity of evaluations. interesting. It helps us to understand unconscious motives, deep-rooted conflicts, and emotional complexes of an Observation individual. However, the interpretation of Behavioural observation is another method the responses requires sophisticated skills which is very commonly used for the and specialised training. There are assessment of personality. Although all of problems associated with the reliability of us watch people and form impressions scoring and validity of interpretations. Butabout their personality, use of observation the practitioners have found these for personality assessment is a techniques quite useful. sophisticated procedure that cannot be carried out by untrained people. It requires Behavioural Analysis careful training of the observer, and a fairly A person’s behaviour in a variety of detailed guideline about analysis of situations can provide us with meaningful behaviours in order to assess the information about her/his personality. personality of a given person. For example, Observation of behaviour serves as the a clinical psychologist may like to observe basis of behavioural analysis. An observer’sher/his client’s interaction with family report may contain data obtained from members and home visitors. With carefully interview, observation, ratings, designed observation, the clinical nomination, and situational tests. We psychologist may gain considerable insight will examine these different procedures in into a client’s personality. some detail. In spite of their frequent and widespread use, observation and interview Interview methods are characterised by the following limitations: Interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality. This involves talking(1) Professional training required for to the person being assessed and asking collection of useful data through these specific questions. Diagnostic interviewing methods is quite demanding and time- generally involves in-depth interviewing consuming. which seeks to go beyond the replies given (2) Maturity of the psychologist is a by the person. Interviews may be structured or unstructured depending on precondition for obtaining valid data the purpose or goals of assessment. through these techniques. In unstructured interviews, the (3) Mere presence of the observer may interviewer seeks to develop an impression contaminate the results. As a stranger, about a person by asking a number of the observer may influence the questions. The way a person presents her/ behaviour of the person being observed himself and answers the questions carries and thus not obtain good data. 46 Psychology Reprint 2026-27