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the risk is highest in early middle age. of life. Previous suicidal attempt is the Similarly gender also plays a great role strongest risk factor. in this differential risk addition. For Often, suicidal behavior indicates example, women in comparison to men difficulties in problem-solving, stress are more likely to report a depressive management, and emotional expression. disorder. Other risk factors are Suicidal thoughts lead to suicidal action experiencing negative life events and lack only when acting on these thoughts seems of social support. to be the only way out of a person’s difficulties. These thoughts are Bipolar and Related Disorders heightened under acute emotional and Bipolar I disorder involves both mania other distress. The ramifications of suicide on social circle and communities and depression, which are alternately tend to be devastating and long-lasting. present and sometimes interrupted by periods of normal mood. Manic episodes The stigma surrounding suicide rarely appear by themselves; they continues despite recent advances in usually alternate with depression. research in this field. Due to this, many people who are contemplating or even Bipolar mood disorders were earlier referred to as manic-depressive disorders. attempting suicide do not seek help thus, Some examples of types of bipolar and preventing timely help from reaching related disorders include Bipolar I them. Therefore improving identification, referral, and management of behaviour Disorder, Bipolar II disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder. are crucial for preventing suicide. Every suicide is a misfortune. Suicide Therefore we need to identify takes place throughout the lifespan. vulnerability; comprehend the Suicide is a result of complex interface circumstances leading to such behaviour and accordingly plan interventions. of biological, genetic, psychological, sociological, cultural and environmental Suicides are preventable. There is a factors. need for comprehensive multi-sectoral Some other risk factors are having approach where the government, media and civil society all play important role mental disorders (especially depression and alcohol use disorders), going through as stakeholders. Some measures natural disasters, experiencing violence, suggested by WHO include: abuse or loss and isolation at any stage • limiting access to the means of suicide; • reporting of suicide by media in a responsible way; Activityou may have got some bad news in • bringing in alcohol-related policies; 4.4 the family (for example, death of a • early identification, treatment and close relative) or watched your care of people at risk; favourite character dying in a film •r training health workers in assessing got less marks than you hoped for or lost your pet. This may have made you and managing for suicide; sad and depressed and hopeless • care for people who attempted suicide about the future. Try and recall such and providing community support. incidents in your life. List the situations that led to this reactionIdentifying students in distress : Any Compare your list and reactions with those of others in class. unexpected or striking change affecting the adolescent’s performance, attendance 80 Psychology Reprint 2026-27