Editing Content :: Admin Scraper

Chapter

Content type

Position

Value

behaviour or delays in achieving a have marked difficulties in social interaction particular age-appropriate behaviour. and communication across different We will now discuss several disorders contexts, a restricted range of interests, and like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity strong desire for routine. About 70 per cent of children with autism spectrum disorder Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and have intellectual disabilities. Specific Learning Disorder. These Children with autism spectrum disorders, if not attended, can lead to disorder experience profound difficulties more serious and chronic disorders as in relating to other people. They are the child moves into adulthood. unable to initiate social behaviour and The two main features of ADHD are seem unresponsive to other people’s inattention and hyperactivity- feelings. They are unable to share impulsivity. Children who are experiences or emotions with others. inattentive find it difficult to sustain They also show serious abnormalities in mental effort during work or play. They communication and language that have a hard time keeping their minds on persist over time. Many of them never any one thing or in following develop speech and those who do, have instructions. Common complaints are repetitive and deviant speech patterns. that the child does not listen, cannot Such children often show narrow concentrate, does not follow instructions, patterns of interests and repetitive is disorganised, easily distracted, behaviours such as lining up objects or forgetful, does not finish assignments, stereotyped body movements such as and is quick to lose interest in boring rocking. These motor movements may be activities. Children who are impulsive self-stimulatory such as hand flapping seem unable to control their immediate or self-injurious such as banging their reactions or to think before they act. Theyhead against the wall. Due to the nature find it difficult to wait or take turns, have difficulty resisting immediate temptations of these difficulties in terms of verbal and non-verbal communication, or delaying gratification. Minor mishaps individuals with autism spectrum such as knocking things over are common disorder tend to experience difficulties whereas more serious accidents and injuries can also occur. Hyperactivity in starting, maintaining and even also takes many forms. Children with understanding relationships. You have already read about ADHD are in constant motion. Sitting still variations in intelligence in Chapter 1. through a lesson is impossible for them. The child may fidget, squirm, climb and Intellectual disability refers to below run around the room aimlessly. Parents average intellectual functioning (with an and teachers describe them as ‘driven by IQ of approximately 70 or below), and deficits or impairments in adaptive a motor’, always on the go, and talk behaviour (i.e. in the areas of incessantly. Autism Spectrum Disorder is communication, self-care, home living, characterised by widespread impairments social/interpersonal skills, functional academic skills, work, etc.) which are in social interaction and communication skills, and stereotyped patterns of manifested before the age of 18 years. behaviours, interests and activities. Table 4.2 describes characteristics of the Children with autism spectrum disorder intellectually disabled persons. Chapter 4 • Psychological Disorders Reprint 2026-27