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Table 4.2 : Characteristics of Individuals with Different Levels of Intellectual Disability Area of Mild Moderate Severe Functioning (IQ range = 55 to (IQ range = 35–40 (IQ range = 20–25 to approximately 70) to approximately approximately 35–40) 50–55) and Profound (IQ = below 20–25) Self-help Skills Feeds and dresses Has difficulties and No skills to partial self and cares for requires training but skills, but some can own toilet needs can learn adequate care for personal needs self-help skills on limited basis Speech and Receptive and Receptive and Receptive language Communication expressive language expressive language is limited; is adequate; is adequate; expressive language understands has speech problems is poor communication Academics Optimal learning Very few academic No academic skills environment; third skills; first or second to sixth grade grade is maximal Social Skills Has friends; can Capable of making Not capable of having learn to adjust friends but has real friends; no social quickly difficulty in many interactions social situations Vocational Can hold a job; Sheltered work Generally no Adjustment competitive to semi- environment; usually employment; usually competitive; primarily needs consistent needs constant care unskilled work supervision Adult Living Usually marries, Usually does not No marriage or has children; needs marry or have children; always help during stress children; dependent dependent on others consistent use of the substance involved and ability to think and work. Their bodies are included under substance related and then build up a tolerance for alcohol and addictive disorders. These disorders they need to drink even greater amounts to include problems associated with the use feel its effects. They also experience withdrawal responses when they stop and abuse of alcohol, cocaine, tobacco and opiods among others, which alter the drinking. Alcoholism destroys millions of way people think, feel and behave. While families, social relationships and careers. Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many there are many disorders listed under this category, few frequently used road accidents. It also has serious effects on substances are discussed below: the children of persons with this disorder. These children have higher rates of psychological problems, particularly anxiety, Alcohol depression, phobias and substance-related People who abuse alcohol drink large disorders. Excessive drinking can seriously amounts regularly and rely on it to help damage physical health. Some of the ill- them face difficult situations. Eventually the effects of alcohol on health and psychological drinking interferes with their social behaviour functioning are presented in Box 4.2. Chapter 4 • Psychological Disorders 85 Reprint 2026-27