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concepts, methods, and techniques. thoughts and feelings of the client. Psychotherapies may be classified into This material is interpreted to the three broad groups, viz. the client to help her/him to confront and resolve the conflicts and thus overcome psychodynamic, behaviour, and existential problems. Behaviour therapy identifies psychotherapies. In terms of the chronological order, psychodynamic the faulty conditioning patterns and therapy emerged first followed by sets up alternate behavioural behaviour therapy while the existential contingencies to improve behaviour. The cognitive methods employed in this therapies which are also called the third type of therapy challenge the faulty force, emerged last. The classification of psychotherapies is based on the following thinking patterns of the client to help parameters: her/him overcome psychological distress. The existential therapy 1. What is the cause, which has led to the provides a therapeutic environment problem? which is positive, accepting, and non- Psychodynamic therapy is of the view judgmental. The client is able to talk that intrapsychic conflicts, i.e. the about the problems and the therapist conflicts that are present within the acts as a facilitator. The client arrives psyche of the person, are the source at the solutions through a process of of psychological problems. According personal growth. to behaviour therapies, psychological 4. What is the nature of the therapeutic problems arise due to faulty learning relationship between the client and the of behaviours and cognitions. The existential therapies postulate that therapist? the questions about the meaning of Psychodynamic therapy assumes that the therapist understands the one’s life and existence are the cause client’s intrapsychic conflicts better of psychological problems. than the client and hence it is the 2. How did the cause come into existence? therapist who interprets the thoughts In the psychodynamic therapy, and feelings of the client to her/him unfulfilled desires of childhood and so that s/he gains an understanding unresolved childhood fears lead to of the same. The behaviour therapy intrapsychic conflicts. The behaviour assumes that the therapist is able to therapy postulates that faulty discern the faulty behaviour and conditioning patterns, faulty learning, thought patterns of the client. It and faulty thinking and beliefs lead to further assumes that the therapist is maladaptive behaviours that, in turn, capable of finding out the correct lead to psychological problems. The behaviour and thought patterns, existential therapy places importance which would be adaptive for the on the present. It is the current client. Both the psychodynamic and feelings of loneliness, alienation, sense the behaviour therapies assume that of futility of one’s existence, etc., which the therapist is capable of arriving at cause psychological problems. solutions to the client’s problems. In 3. What is the chief method of treatment? contrast to these therapies, the Psychodynamic therapy uses the existential therapies emphasise that the therapist merely provides a methods of free association and warm, empathic relationship in reporting of dreams to elicit the which the client feels secure to 92 Psychology Reprint 2026-27