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Method of Treatment ActivitGather information about some The client with psychological distress or 5.2 institutions you know which offer psychiatric/psychotherapeutic help.with physical symptoms, which cannot be attributed to physical disease, is interviewed with a view to analyse her/ his behaviour patterns. Behavioural The following sections explain different types of therapies three major systems analysis is conducted to find malfunctioning behaviours, the of psychotherapy mentioned earlier. antecedents of faulty learning, and the factors that maintain or continue faulty Behaviour Therapy learning. Malfunctioning behaviours are Behaviour therapies postulate that those behaviours which cause distress to psychological distress arises because of the client. Antecedent factors are those faulty behaviour patterns or thought causes which predispose the person to patterns. It is, therefore, focused on the indulge in that behaviour. Maintaining behaviour and thoughts of the client in factors are those factors which lead to the the present. The past is relevant only to persistence of the faulty behaviour. An the extent of understanding the origins example would be a young person who of the faulty behaviour and thought has acquired the malfunctioning patterns. The past is not activated or behaviour of smoking and seeks help to relived. Only the faulty patterns are get rid of smoking. Behavioural analysis corrected in the present. conducted by interviewing the client and The clinical application of learning the family members reveals that the theory principles constitute behaviour person started smoking when he was therapy. Behaviour therapy consists of a preparing for the annual examination. large set of specific techniques and He had reported relief from anxiety upon interventions. It is not a unified theory, smoking. Thus, anxiety-provoking which is applied irrespective of the situation becomes the causative or clinical diagnosis or the symptoms antecedent factor. The feeling of relief present. The symptoms of the client and becomes the maintaining factor for him the clinical diagnosis are the guiding to continue smoking. The client has factors in the selection of the specific acquired the operant response of techniques or interventions to be applied. smoking, which is maintained by the Treatment of phobias or excessive and reinforcing value of relief from anxiety. crippling fears would require the use of Once the faulty behaviours which one set of techniques while that of anger cause distress, have been identified, a outbursts would require another. A treatment package is chosen. The aim of depressed client would be treated the treatment is to extinguish or differently from a client who is anxious. eliminate the faulty behaviours and The foundation of behaviour therapy is substitute them with adaptive behaviour on formulating dysfunctional or faulty patterns. The therapist does this through behaviours, the factors which reinforce establishing antecedent operations and and maintain these behaviours, and consequent operations. Antecedent devising methods by which they can be operations control behaviour by changing changed. something that precedes such a behaviour. The change can be done by 94 Psychology Reprint 2026-27