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Unwanted behaviour can be reduced The principle of reciprocal inhibition and wanted behaviour can be increased operates here. This principle states that simultaneously through differential the presence of two mutually opposing forces at the same time, inhibits the reinforcement. Positive reinforcement for the wanted behaviour and negative weaker force. Thus, the relaxation reinforcement for the unwanted response is first built up and mildly behaviour attempted together may be anxiety-provoking scene is imagined, and one such method. The other method is the anxiety is overcome by the relaxation. to positively reinforce the wanted The client is able to tolerate progressively behaviour and ignore the unwanted greater levels of anxiety because of her/ behaviour. The latter method is less his relaxed state. Modelling is the painful and equally effective. For procedure wherein the client learns to behave in a certain way by observing the example, let us consider the case of a girl who sulks and cries when she is not behaviour of a role model or the therapist taken to the cinema when she asks. The who initially acts as the role model. parent is instructed to take her to the Vicarious learning, i.e. learning by observing others, is used and through a cinema if she does not cry and sulk but not to take her if she does. Further, the process of rewarding small changes in the parent is instructed to ignore the girl behaviour, the client gradually learns to when she cries and sulks. The wanted acquire the behaviour of the model. behaviour of politely asking to be taken There is a great variety of techniques to the cinema increases and the unwanted behaviour of crying and Your friend is feeling very nervoustivity sulking decreases. andpanickybefore the examinations.5.3 You read about phobias or irrational S/he is pacing up and down, is unable to study and feels s/he has fears in the previous chapter. Systematic desensitisation is a forgotten all that s/he has learnt. Try technique introduced by Wolpe for to help her/him to relax by inhaling treating phobias or irrational fears. The (taking in a deep breath), holding it for sometime (5–10 seconds), then client is interviewed to elicit fear- exhaling (releasing the breath). Ask provoking situations and together with her/him to repeat this 5–10 times. the client, the therapist prepares a Also ask her/him to remain focused hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli on her/his breathing. You can do with the least anxiety-provoking stimuli the same exercise when you feel nervous. at the bottom of the hierarchy. The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about the least anxiety- provoking situation. Box 5.2 gives details in behaviour therapy. The skill of the therapist lies in conducting an accurate of relaxation procedures. The client is behavioural analysis and building a asked to stop thinking of the fearful treatment package with the appropriate situation if the slightest tension is felt. Over sessions, the client is able to techniques. imagine more severe fear-provoking Cognitive Therapy situations while maintaining the relaxation. The client gets systematically Cognitive therapies locate the cause of desensitised to the fear. psychological distress in irrational 96 Psychology Reprint 2026-27