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10 Contemporary World Politics between rich and poor regions. Tensions and C onflicts Unlike the earlier system, Most of the former Soviet there was now great economic Republics are prone to conflicts, inequality between people. and many have had civil wars T h e c o n s t r u c t i o f and insurgencies. Complicating As a result of democratic institutions was the picture is the growing ‘shock therapy’ about half of not given the same attention involvement of outside powers. Russia’s 1,500 and priority as the demands In Russia, two republics, banks and other of economic transformation. Chechnya and Dagestan, finacial institutions The constitutions of all these have had violent secessionist went bankrupt. countries were drafted in a hurry movements. Moscow’s method of This image is that and most, including Russia, had dealing with the Chechen rebels of Inkombank, Russia’s second a strong executive president with and indiscriminate military largest bank, that the widest possible powers that bombings have led to many went bankrupt in rendered elected parliaments human rights violations but 1998. As a result, relatively weak. In Central Asia, failed to deter the aspirations for the money of the presidents had great powers, independence. 10,000 corporate and several of them became very and private In Central Asia, Tajikistan shareholders was authoritarian. For example, the witnessed a civil war that went on lost, along with presidents of Turkmenistan and the money kept for ten years till 2001. The region Uzbekistan appointed themselves as a whole has many sectarian in the bank by to power first for ten years and conflicts. In Azerbaijan’s province customers. then extended it for another ten of Nagorno-Karabakh, some years. They allowed no dissent or local Armenians want to secede opposition. A judicial culture and and join Armenia. In Georgia, independence of the judiciary the demand for independence was yet to be established in most has come from two provinces, of these countries. resulting in a civil war. There are Most of these economies, movements against the existing especially Russia, started regimes in Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan and Georgia. Countries and reviving in 2000, ten years after their independence. The provinces are fighting over reason for the revival for most river waters. All this has led to instability, making life difficult of their economies was the export of natural resources like for the ordinary citizen. oil, natural gas and minerals. The Central Asian Republics What is the difference between nationalism Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, are areas with vast hydrocarbon and secessionism? Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan resources, which have brought If you succeed, you are major oil and gas producers. are celebrated as a them economic benefit. Central Other countries have gained Asia has also become a zone of nationalist hero, and because of the oil pipelines that competition between outside if you fail you are condemned for crimes cross their territories for which powers and oil companies. The of secessionism. they get rent. Some amount of region is next to Russia, China, manufacturing has restarted. Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and Reprint 2026-27