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92 Contemporary World Politics arenowbeingre-opened present, there has been a spurt in to MNCs through the mega-dam building in the South, liberalisation of the from Turkey to Thailand to South global economy. The Africa, from Indonesia to China. mineral industry’s India has had some of the leading extraction of earth, anti-dam, pro-river movements. its use of chemicals, Narmada Bachao Andolan is its pollution of one of the best known of these movements. It is significant to An entire waterways and land, community erupted its clearance of native vegetation, note that, in anti-dam and other in protests against its displacement of communities, environmental movements in a proposed India, the most important shared open-cast coal amongst other factors, continue mine project in to invite criticism and resistance idea is non-violence. Phulbari town, in in various parts of the globe. the North-West district of Dinajpur, One good example is that of the R esource G eopolitics Bangladesh. Here Philippines, where a vast network several dozen of groups and organisations Resource geopolitics is all women, one with about who gets what, when, campaigned against the Western where and how. Resources have her infant child, Mining Corporation (WMC), an are chanting Australia-based multinational provided some of the key means slogans against the and motives of global European proposed coal mine company. Much opposition to power expansion. They have project in 2006.  the company in its own country, Australia, is based on anti- also been the focus of inter- state rivalry. Western geopolitical nuclear sentiments and advocacy thinkingaboutresourceshasbeen for the basic rights of Australian dominated by the relationship of indigenous peoples. trade, war and power, at the core Another group of movements of which were overseas resources are those involved in struggles and maritime navigation. Since against mega-dams. In every sea power itself rested on country where a mega-dam is access to timber, naval timber being built, one is likely to find supply became a key priority for an environmental movement major European powers from the 17th century onwards. The opposing it. Increasingly anti- dam movements are pro-river critical importance of ensuring movements for more sustainable uninterrupted supply of strategic resources, in particular oil, was and equitable management of river systems and valleys. The well established both during the early 1980s saw the first anti-dam First World War and the Second World War. movement launched in the North, namely, the campaign to save the Throughout the Cold War FranklinRiveranditssurrounding the industrialised countries of forests in Australia. This was a the North adopted a number of wilderness and forest campaign methods to ensure a steady flow as well as anti-dam campaign. At of resources. These included the Reprint 2026-27