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122 PoliticsinIndiasinceIndependence This of the Indian National Congress who however could not complete is all about the term as president rule was imposed in the state in July 2008. governments, officials, The next election was held in November-December 2008. Another leaders, terrorists… but coalition government (composed of NC and INC) came into power what about the people in headed by Omar Abdullah in 2009. However, the state continued Jammu and Kashmir? In a democracy we must go to witness disturbances led by the Hurriyat Conference. In 2014, by what they want, the state went into another election, which recorded the highest shouldn’t we? voters’ turnout in 25 years. Consequently a coalition government led by Mufti Mohammed Sayeed of the PDP came into power with the BJP as its partner. After Mufti Mohammed Sayeed died, his daughter Mahbooba Mufti became the first woman Chief Minister of the state in April 2016. During the tenure of Mahbooba Mufti, major acts of terrorism, mounting external and internal tensions were witnessed. The President’s rule was imposed in June 2018 after BJP withdrew its support to the Mufti government. On 5 August 2019, Article 370 was abolished by the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act 2019 and the state was constituted into two Union Territories, viz., Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh are living examples of plural society in India. Not only are there diversities of all kind (religious, cultural, linguistic, ethnic and tribal) but there are also divergent political and developmental aspirations, which have been sought to be achieved by the latest Act. Punjab Master Tara Singh (1885–1967): The decade of 1980s also witnessed major developments in the Prominent Sikh State of Punjab. The social composition of the State changed first with Partition and later on after the carving out of Haryana and religious and political Himachal Pradesh. While the rest of the country was reorganised leader; one of the on linguistic lines in 1950s, Punjab had to wait till 1966 for the early leaders of the creation of a Punjabi speaking State. The Akali Dal, which was Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak formed in 1920 as the political wing of the Sikhs, had led the Committee (SGPC); movement for the formation of a ‘Punjabi suba’. The Sikhs were now a majority in the truncated State of Punjab. leader of the Akali movement; supporter Political context of the freedom movement but After the reorganisation, the Akalis came to power in 1967 opposed to Congress’ and then in 1977. On both the occasions it was a coalition policy of negotiating government. The Akalis discovered that despite the redrawing only with the Muslims; of the boundaries, their political position remained precarious. after Independence, Firstly, their government was dismissed by the Centre mid-way he was the senior through its term. Secondly, they did not enjoy strong support most advocate of among the Hindus. Thirdly, the Sikh community, like all other formation of separate religious communities, was internally differentiated on caste and Punjab State. class lines. The Congress got more support among the Dalits, whether Hindu or Sikh, than the Akalis. Reprint 2026-27