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10.5.1 Mesh Topology In this networking topology, each communicating device is connected with every other device in the network as shown in Figure 10.15. Such a network can handle large amounts of traffic since multiple nodes can transmit data simultaneously. Also, such networks are more reliable in the sense that even if a node gets down, it does not cause any break in the transmission of data between other nodes. This topology is also more secure as compared to other topologies because each cable between two nodes carries different data. However, wiring is complex and cabling cost is high in creating such networks and there are many redundant or unutilised connections. Figure 10.15: A mesh topology To build a fully- connected mesh 10.5.2 Ring Topology topology of n nodes, In ring topology (Figure 10.16), each node is connected it requires n(n-1)/2 to two other devices, one each on either side, as shown wires. in Figure 10.16. The nodes connected with each other thus forms a ring. The link in a ring topology is unidirectional. Thus, data can be transmitted in one direction only (clockwise or counterclockwise). Figure 10.16: A ring topology 10.5.3 Bus Topology In bus topology (Figure 10.17), each communicating device connects to a transmission medium, known as bus. Data sent from a node are passed on to the bus and hence are transmitted to the length of the bus in both directions. That means, data can be received by any of the nodes connected to the bus. 192 ComputerScienc- ClassXII Reprint 2026-27