Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class X Science Science 4 you know, has a valency of 1. Carbon is tetravalent because it has four valence electrons. In order to achieve noble gas configuration, carbon shar...
Class X Science Science 4 Chapter. Diamonds can be synthesised by subjecting pure carbon to very high pressure and temperature. These synthetic diamonds are small but are ot...
Class X Science Science 4 have long chains of carbon, branched chains of carbon or even carbon atoms arranged in rings. In addition, carbon atoms may be linked by single, do...
Class X Science Science 4 could only be formed within a living system. That is, r o it was postulated that a ‘vital force’ was necessary for their synthesis. Friedrich Wöhle...
Class X Science Science 4 between the Step 3 two carbons (Step 3). Carbon and its Compounds 63 Reprint 2026-27 The electron dot structure for ethene is given in Fig. 4.7. Ye...
Class X Science Science 4 molecule Can you draw the electron dot structure for cyclohexane? Straight chain,branchedchainandcycliccarboncompounds,allmaybesaturated orunsatura...
Class X Science Science 4 2 O5, C H3OH7and C H O4 a9e all very similar. Hence, such a series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a ca...
Class X Science Science 4 C H OH and C H OH, and (c) C H OH 3 2 5 2 5 3 7 3 7 and C 4 9H. ■ Is there any similarity in these three? ■ Arrange these alcohols in the order of ...
Class X Science Science 4 be called propyne. Carbon and its Compounds 67 Reprint 2026-27 Table 4.4 Nomenclature of organic compounds Class of Prefix/Suffix Example compounds...
Class X Science Science 4 in the first Chapter. Activity 4.3 Activity 4.4 CAUTION: This Activity needs the teacher’s assistance. ■ Light a bunsen burner and ■ Take some carb...
Class X Science Science 4 charcoal in an ‘angithi’ sometimes just glows red and n givesoutheatwithoutaflame.Thisisbecauseaflameisonlyproducedwhengaseous K substances burn. W...
Class X Science Science 4 a test tube and warm it the first Chapter. Carbon gently in a water bath. compounds can be easily ■ Add a 5% solution of alkaline potassium permang...
Class X Science Science 4 O N S 1. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction? 2. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you t...
Class X Science Science 4 excess concentrated sulphuric acid results in the dehydration of ethanol to give ethene – Hot Conc. CH −3CH OH 2 H SO →CH = 2H + H O2 2 2 4 The...
Class X Science Science 4 Activity 4.7 acids. 5-8% solution of acetic acid in water is n Compare the pH of dilute acetic acid called vinegar and is used widely as a preserva...
Class X Science Science 4 acid. Carbon and its Compounds 73 Reprint 2026-27 NaOH CH C3OC H 2 5 C2H5OH+CH CO3Na (ii) Reaction with a base: Like mineral acids, ethanoic acid r...
Class X Science Science 4 Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, since the oily dirt will be collected in the centre of the micelle. The micelles stay in solution a...
Class X Science Science 4 to use a larger amount of soap. This problem is overcome by using another class of compounds called detergents as cleansing agents. Detergents are ...
Class X Science Science 4 attached to carbon chains of different lengths. ■ The functional groups such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids bestow characteri...
Class X Science Science 4 water is treated with soap. 11. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)? 12. What is hydrogenation? What is ...
Class X Science Science 5 CHAPTER 5 Life Processes ow do we tell the difference between what is alive and what is not H alive? If we see a dog running, or a cow chewing cud,...
Class X Science Science 5 most common chemical means to break-down molecules. For this, many organisms use oxygen sourced from outside the body. The process of acquiring oxy...
Class X Science Science 5 means that the transportation system will need to transport waste away from cells to this excretory tissue. Let us consider these various processes...
Class X Science Science 5 which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant. We...
Class X Science Science 5 sunlight for about six hours. ■ Pluck a leaf from the plant. Mark the green areas in it and trace them on a sheet of paper. ■ Dip the leaf in boili...