| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
fluid. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Conditional reabsorption of Na + and water takes place in this segment. DCT is also capable of reabsorption ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
of the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule. The above described transport of subs... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR. This complex mechanism is generally known as the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism. An increase in b... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
with digestive wastes. The sweat and sebaceous glands in the skin can eliminate certain substances through their secretions. Sweat produced by the ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
host. Modern clinical procedures have increased the success rate of such a complicated technique. Renal calculi: Stone or insoluble mass of crystal... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
and selective secretion. HL primarily helps to maintain osmolar gradient (300 mOsmolL -1200 mOsmolL ) within the kidney interstitium. DCT and colle... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
16 |
2026-27 216 BIOLOGY 8. What is meant by the term osmoregulation? 9. Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotel... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
LOCOMOTION AND M OVEMENT 217 C HAPTER 1 7 L OCOMOTION A N D M OVEMENT 17.1 Types of Movement is one of the significant features of living beings. A... |
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| Class XII |
Physics |
Physics Part-II |
2 |
Sun in any shiny convex surface (e.g., a cycle bell). Do not try direct sunlight – it can damage the eye and will not give fringes anyway as the Su... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
lined by ciliated epithelium. The coordinated movements of cilia in the trachea help us in removing dust particles and some of the foreign substanc... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
the muscles of heart. Many cardiac muscle cells assemble in a branching pattern to form a cardiac muscle. Based on appearance, cardiac muscles are ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
filaments are firmly attached to the ‘Z’ line. The thick filaments in the ‘A’ band are also held together in the middle of this band by a thin fibr... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
for ATP and active sites for actin. (a) Actin binding sites Head ATP binding sites Cross arm (b) Figure 17.3 (a) An actin (thin) filament (b) Myosi... |
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| Class XII |
Physics |
Physics Part-II |
2 |
angles to the direction of propagation of the wave, we have what is known as a transverse wave. Also, since the displacement is in the y direction,... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
the myosin head and the cycle of cross bridge formation Reprint 2026-27 LOCOMOTION AND M OVEMENT 223 Figure 17.5 Sliding-filament theory of muscle ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
chondroitin salts. In human beings, this system is made up of 206 bones and a few cartilages. It is grouped into two principal divisions – the axia... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
back. Sternum is a Figure 17.7 Vertebral column (right lateral view) flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax. There are 12 pairs of ribs. Each r... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
and the seventh ribs. The dorsal, flat, triangular body of scapula has a slightly elevated ridge called Figure 17.9 Right pectoral girdle and upper... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
movement. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. Ball and socket joint (between humerus and pectoral girdle), hinge joint (knee ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
ATPase and has ATP binding sites and active sites for actin. A motor neuron carries signal to the muscle fibre which generates an action potential ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
17 |
Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Smooth muscle (i) Myoglobin (b) Tropomyosin (ii) Thin filament (c) Red muscle (iii) Sutures ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
18 |
230 B IOLOGY C HAPTER 1 8 N EURAL C ONTROL AND C OORDINATION 18.1 Neural System As you know, the functions of the organs/organ systems in our body ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
18 |
(PNS) The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site of information processing and control. The PNS comprises of all the nerves of ... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
19 |
+ of K and phosphate ions. Thus, aldosterone helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure. Smal... |
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| Class XI |
Biology |
Biology |
18 |
that does not form a myelin sheath around the axon, and is commonly found in autonomousandthesomaticneuralsystems. 18.3.1 Generation and Conduction... |
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