Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 5 For a particular reaction, high temperature could even mean room temperature. Reprint 2026-27 THERMODYNAMICS 163 (i) It is possible to obtain an es...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 5 –13.6 kJ mol . –1  ∆rG = –RT ln K p Solution  –1 –1 ∆rG = (– 8.314 JK mol ) × (333 K) We know, log K = × (2.303) × (0.1239) –1 = – 763.8 kJ mol R...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 5 Temperature is an important factor in the equation. Many reactions which are non-spontaneous at low temperature, are made spontaneous at high tempe...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 5 with dioxygen was carried out in a bomb calorimeter, and ∆U was found to be –742.7 kJ mol at 298 K. Calculate enthalpy change for the reaction at 2...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 5 kJ mol . 5.15 Calculate the enthalpy change for the process CCl (g) → C(g) + 4 Cl(g) and calculate bond enthalpy of C – Cl in CCl (g). ∆ vapH (CCl ...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 Unit 6 Equilibrium Chemical equilibria are important in numerous biological and environmental processes. For example, equilibria involving O molecu...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 pressure and at regular intervals determined the amount of ammonia present. and the products remain constant. This He was successful in determining...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 1 and 2) and two glass tubes each of 30 cm length. Diameter of the tubes may be same or different in the range of 3-5mm. Fill nearly half of the me...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 3H 2g) Similarly let us consider the reaction, H 2g) + I 2g) 2HI(g). If we start with equal initial concentration of H and I , the 2 2 reaction pro...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 isotopes in + I2(g) 2HI(g) can be attained from either direction this way. 6.3 L AW OF CHEMI CAL EQUILIBRI UM Use of isotope (deuterium) in the for...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 observed that intensity of the purple colour remained constant and are the products in the balanced chemical equation. On the basis of experimental...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 quoting the value of N 2 O 2 an equilibrium constant. 2 2.8 10 M–3 Table 6.4 Relations between Equilibrium = 3 3 Constants for a General Reaction 3...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 ▯ ▯▯ ▯ constant in terms of partial pressure. = 0.355 × 10 = 3.55 × 10 2 The ideal gas equation is written as, Problem 6.2 pV = nRT n At equilibriu...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 ) (6.15) (pHI) [ ] [ ] or K c (6.12) where ∆n = (number of moles of gaseous ( H2 )p 2 products) – (number of moles of gaseous Further, since p = HI...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 concentrations are, The equilibrium constant K c for the above [CO ] = [H ] = x = 0.067 M reaction can be written as, 2 2PCl Cl 1 59 ▯ [CO] = [H O]...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 ▯ ▯CO g ▯ 2 K ▯ ▯ 2 ▯ ▯ Similarly, in the equilibrium between c ▯CaCO s ▯ ▯▯ nickel, carbon monoxide and nickel carbonyl Since [CaCO (s)] and [CaO(...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 0 bar and pure graphite is state is 1bar. Therefore a pressure of 4 bar present, calculate the equilibrium partial in standard state can be express...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 of x cannot be that an equilibrium constant does not give negative hence we neglect that value) any information about the rate at which x = 2.66/8 ...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 –3 reaction is equal to the inverse of the • If Kc< 10 , reactants predominate over products, i.e., if K cs very small, the equi librium constant f...
Class XII Physics Physics Part-II 2 time, we say that the two sources are incoherent and when this happens the intensities just add up. This is indeed what happens when two separate l...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 4O . 2 K c57.0), so the mixture of H (2), I 2g) and HI(g) is not at equilibrium; that is, more H (g) and These generarlisations are illustrated in ...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 Kc, the reaction will proceed in the the reaction will proceed? direction of the products (forward reaction). Reprint 2026-27 EQUILIBRIUM 183 Solut...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6 the substances that reacts on going to equilibrium, then use x = 9.15 – 4.98 = 4.17 bar the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine Partial pres...
Class XI Chemistry Chemistry Part-I 6  and e ∆DG  /RT>1, making K >1, which x = [–1.8 ± √(1.8)2– 4(–5.4)]/2 implies a spontaneous reaction or the reaction which proceeds in the forward...
Class XII Physics Physics Part-II 2 be locked in phase; i.e., they will be coherent like the two vibrating needle in our water wave example [Fig. 10.8(a)]. The spherical waves emanati...