Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 For naming polyhydric alcohols, the ‘e’ of alkane is retained and the ending ‘ol’ is added. The number of –OH groups is indicated by adding the mul...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 and IUPAC Names of Some Ethers Compound Common name IUPAC name CH 3CH 3 Dimethyl ether Methoxymethane C2H5OC 2 5 Diethyl ether Ethoxyethane CH 3CH ...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 Fig. 7.1: Structures of methanol, phenol and methoxymethane Chemistry 198 Reprint 2026-27 The bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetr...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 oxidised to reported by H.C. Brown in 1959. For alcohol by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of aqueous sodium his studies on boron hydroxide. cont...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 XII) with aldehydes and ketones. The first step of the reaction is the nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagent to the carbonyl group to form an a...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 2 + N 2 HCl +HCl Warm Aniline Benzene diazonium chloride Most of the worldwide 4. From cumene production of phenol is from cumene. Phenol is manufa...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 is lacking in ethers and hydrocarbons. Solubility Solubility of alcohols and phenols in water is due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with w...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 negative charge is localised on oxygen while in phenoxide ion, the charge is delocalised. The delocalisation of negative charge (structures I-V) ma...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 of a small amount of concentrated sulphuric analgesic, anti- acid. The reaction is reversible, and therefore, water is removed as inflammatory and ...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 stable and therefore are easier toStep 1: Formation of protonated alcohol. form than secondary and primary carbocations; tertiary alcohols are the ...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 heated copper at 573 K, dehydrogenation takes place and an aldehyde or a ketone is formed while tertiary alcohols undergo dehydration. Biological o...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 The yield of the reaction product is poor. facilitate the release of hydrogen ion. Nowadays picric acid is prepared by treating phenol first with c...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 substituted benzal chloride is hydrolysed in the presence of alkali to produce salicylaldehyde. 4. Reaction of phenol with zinc dust Phenol is conv...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 of an enzyme, invertase. Glucose and fructose undergo fermentation in the presence of another enzyme, zymase, which is found in yeast. In wine maki...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 been used widely as an inhalation anaesthetic. But due to its slow effect and an unpleasant recovery The formation of ether is a nucleophilic bimol...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 no ether is formed. For example, the reaction of CH ONa with (CH ) C–Br gives exclusively 2-methylpropene. 3 3 3 It is because alkoxides are not on...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 bonds with water molecule as shown: 7.6.3 Chemical 1. Cleavage of C–O bond in ethers Reactions Ethers are the least reactive of the functional grou...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 in step 2 of the reaction, the departure of leaving group + (HO–CH )3reatesamorestablecarbocation[(CH ) C ],a3 3hereaction follows SN1 mechanism. I...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 yield a mixture of ortho and para nitroanisole. Intext Questions 7.10 Write the reactions of Williamson synthesis of 2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane start...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 to oxidation. The presence of –OH group in phenols activates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution and directs the incoming group to...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 7.8 While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reason. 7.9...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 propene. (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol. 7.22 Give reason for the higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to methoxymethane. 223 Alcohols, Ph...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 3 Unit Objectives Aldehydes, Ketones After studying this Unit, you will be able to and Carboxylic • write the common and IUPAC names of aldehydes, ke...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 3 They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add flavours. Some of these families are manufactured for use as solvents (i.e., acetone...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 3 from the carbon of the aldehyde group while in case of ketones the numbering begins from the end nearer to the carbonyl group. The substituents are...