Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biology Biology 8 of biocontrol. The very familiar beetle with red and black markings – the Ladybird, and Dragonflies are useful to get rid of aphids and mosquitoes,...
Class XII Biology Biology 8 ever-increasing Reprint 2026-27 BIOLOGY demand of agricultural produce has contributed significantly to this pollution. Of course, we have now real...
Class XII Biology Biology 8 every day. Bacteria called lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk to convert it into curd. The dough, which is used to make bread, is fermented by...
Class XII Biology Biology 8 Give examples to prove that microbes release gases during metabolism. 3. In which food would you find lactic acid bacteria? Mention some of their u...
Class XII Biology Biology 8 Biogas, Citric acid, Penicillin and Curd 15. How do biofertilisers enrich the fertility of the soil? Reprint 2026-27
Class XII Biology Biology 9 Ever since the days of Rene Descartes, the Frenchphilosopher, mathematicianandbiologistofseventeenthcentury,allhuman Chapter 9 Biotechnology : Prin...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 that of DNA splicing enabled Boyer and Cohen to recombine segments of DNA in desired configurations and insert the DNA in bacterial cells, which co...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 of genetic engineering. You probably appreciate the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction. The former provides opportunities ...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 molecule. The construction of the first recombinant DNA emerged from the possibility of linking a gene encoding antibiotic 164 resistance with a na...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 progeny. 9.2 T OOLS OF R ECOMBINANT DNA T ECHNOLOGY Now we know from the foregoing discussion that genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technolog...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 5 -form (m.p. 423 K) is obtained by crystallisation from hot and saturated aqueous solution at 371 K. This behaviour could not be explained by the op...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 its specific recognition sequence, it will bind to the DNA and cut each of the two strands of the double helix at specific points in their sugar-ph...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 the vector and the source DNA with the same restriction enzyme, the recombinant vector molecule cannot be created. Separation and isolation of DNA ...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 copies per cell whereas others may have 168 15-100 copies per cell. Their numbers can go even higher. If we are able to link an alien piece of DNA ...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 antibiotic resistance genes. For example, you can ligate a foreign DNA at the BamH I site of tetracycline Figure 9.4 E. coli cloning vector pBR322 ...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 1 has changed in the product. This is so because two different compounds with same configuration at asymmetric centre may have different optical rota...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 You may be surprisedtoknowthatwehavelearntthelessonoftransferringgenes intoplantsandanimalsfrombacteriaandviruseswhichhaveknown this for ages – how...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 recombinant DNA. This is not the only way to introduce alien DNA into host cells. In a method known as micro-injection, recombinant DNA is directly...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 such as histones. The RNA can be removed by 171 treatment with ribonuclease whereas proteins can be removed by treatment with protease. Other molec...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 billion times, i.e., 1 billion copies are made. Such repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from ...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 5 of appe- (Thiamine) vegetables and cereals tite, retarded growth) 3. Vitamin B 2 Milk, eggwhite, liver, Cheilosis (fissuring at (Riboflavin) kidney...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is called a recombinant protein. The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest may be...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 stage, the product has to be subjected through a series of processes before it is ready for marketing as a finished Reprint 2026-27 BIOTECHNOLOGY :...
Class XII Biology Biology 9 6. Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks? 7. Collect 5 examples o...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 1 UNIT I Recombinant DNA Technology Chapter 1: An Overview of Recombinant DNA Technology Chapter 2: Host–Vector System Chapter 3: Gene Cloning Chapte...