Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 the purpose of estimation of BOD of a sewage sample (in which the organic load may be too high and dissolved oxygen is too low to be measured), the...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 dysentery    Giardia lamblia Giardiasis    Balantidium coli Balantidiasis Helminths    Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis    Schistosoma sp. Schistoso...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 are concentrated in these tanks and collected from it. The particulate materials are now collectively called primary sludge, which is removed for f...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 of the process being, waste stabilisation occurs in a series of more or less discrete stages. During activated sludge process a large volume of com...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 looks clear at this stage, is subjected to tertiary (final) treatment for further purification. Trickling filter Another form of secondary treatmen...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 contrary, refers to excessive enrichment of water bodies as a result of merging of nitrogen and phosphorus rich streams into the lake. As explained...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 attention in many arid areas. Anaerobic Sludge Digestion Anaerobic waste treatment represents the use of anaerobic microorganisms to process waste ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 form insoluble calcium phosphate (Ca (PO ) ), which then settles to the 3 4 2 bottom of the settling tank and is removed. Nitrogen is present mainl...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 Housekeeping waste, packaging, fabrication, construction sites, food waste, construction and power and chemical plants demolition materials, hazard...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 refers to collecting, treating, Identification of the types of waste and disposing off solid material that is discarded or is no longer useful. Sol...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 from plants form excellent soil conditioner and fertiliser (compost). Implantation to make compost at home level can be achieved by using a suitabl...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 organised by employing the service of trained persons who are aware to take adequate precautions while handling waste. The waste collected at commu...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 269 Reprint 2025-26 Disposal of toxic chemicals Disposal of toxic chemicals should be done according to the manufacturer’s guidance, in case of dou...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 30 Thermophilic e c m 20 i phase T p 10 s Maturation phase e 0 m 1 2 3 4 Time (months) Fig. 11.5: Temperature changes during composting by mesophil...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 complex polymer waste material present in the soil or compost. Most fungi live in the outer layer of the compost and are present during all phases ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 period • Animal carcasses, tissues, organs, body parts, animal houses (b) Soiled waste, items contaminated with body fluids, blood, cotton swabs, d...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 condition. A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. E...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 a container. quarters filled or at least once a day. 274 BiotechnologyXII Reprint 2025-26 Chemical and Brown, labeled Plastic bag or On demand phar...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 pesticides along with their properties Type of Chemical Effects on Example Persistency pesticide Nature animals Organochlorine Organic Nervous syst...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 to DDT pesticides was noted among target organism, rendering them ineffective on the one side, and their use was found to be harmful to non-target ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 toxic nature of chemical pesticides into non-toxic substances is exploited. There are quite a good number of microorganisms capable ofwidespectrumm...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 Sphingomonas, Flavobacterium, etc. The whole process of bioremediation of any persistent chemical present in the system also depends on physicochem...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 l c o h r i e N f g a r i h o i i o e m a s , i t t h s ni r m a o e r e o a A C t g w o , t e t b t t y l rg n t A 2 a i r e a t y s i w n . d s O...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 h p o e e a e o t E N h e r o a c . o t e s r b m g t e y h n n e n c e t d o v d u B A 2 r t o o o e t t c n x r h u r t H f h i i t p i i b o r i...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 h e 2 O i e d s a n i e x n t a n d ) e 5 z C i d s r i i i i e x o s a a F p H A s u u p m a m ti o e m r c e t m A H 2 e e e i h d u e F. T e f a...